Types of Advertising Media Essay Example for Free

Types of Advertising Media Essay As we noted in Managing the Advertising Campaign tutorial, selection of the media outlet through which an ad will be presented has important implications for the success of a promotion. Each outlet possesses unique characteristics though not all outlet are equally effective for all advertisers. Thus, choosing the right media can be a time consuming process requiring the marketer to balance the pros and cons of each option. While just a few years ago marketers needed to be aware of only a few media outlets, today’s marketers must be well-versed in a wide range of media options. The reason for the growing number of media outlets lies with advances in communication technology, in particular, the Internet. In this tutorial we provide an overview of the following advertising media: 1. Television 2. Radio 3. Print Publications 4. Internet 5. Direct Mail 6. Signage 7. Product Placement 8. Mobile Devices 9. Sponsorships 10. Other Media Outlets As we discussed in the Advertising Trends section in the Advertisingtutorial, the number of media outlets will continue to grow as new technologies emerge. Thus, marketers are well advised to continually monitor changes occuring within each media outlet. Television Advertising Television advertising offers the benefit of reaching large numbers in a single exposure. Yet because it is a mass medium capable of being seen by nearly anyone, television lacks the ability to deliver an advertisement to highly targeted customers compared to other media outlets. Television networks are attempting to improve their targeting efforts. In particular, networks operating in the pay-to-access arena, such as those with channels  on cable and satellite television, are introducing more narrowly themed programming (i.e., TV shows geared to specific interest groups) designed to appeal to selective audiences. However, television remains an option that is best for products that targeted to a broad market. The geographic scope of television advertising ranges from advertising within a localized geographic area using fee-based services, such as cable and fiber optic services, to national coverage using broadcast programming. Television advertising, once viewed as the pillar of advertising media outlets, is facing numerous challenges from alternative media (e.g., Internet) and the invasion of technology devices, such as digital video recorders (see more in the Advertising Trends section in theAdvertising) tutorial, that have empowered customers to be more selective on the advertisements they view. Additionally, television lacks effective response tracking which has led many marketers to investigate other media that offer stronger tracking options.

My Best Friend Died Essay -- Friendship Essay Personal Narrative

My Best Friend Died Dr. Munter's comments: The purpose of this assignment was to relate an event that changed the direction of your life. Not only does this student successfully accomplish this task, he does it with a certain amount of understatement. The instruction â€Å"to show, not tell† is beautifully and subtly completed. There is also a nice balance of long and short sentences, unusual similes, and the sense that the author allows the reader to view this event through the eyes of an eight-year-old. Overall, the writing is clean, simple in technique, yet powerful in its message. I remember the van. It was the gray of dry clay, and it had maroon stripes on the sides that were the same color as maple leaves during the fall, but it was winter now. It was my mom's van, and I was riding in the back seat. I was eight years old, and she had pulled over on the side of the road because she had â€Å"some sad news† to tell me. My legs didn’t touch the ground. They just dangled with my sorrels about to fall off. I was all bundled up in the puffy winter clothes that mothers dress their chi...

Accredited & Deluxe Hotels for Tourism Essay

1. Century Park Hotel 599 Pablo Ocampo Str. Manila 1004Â  2. Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria – Ortigas Avenue, Corner Asian Dev., Bank Avenue, Quezon City 3. Diamond Hotel Phillippines – Roxas Boulevard cor. Dr. J. Quintos St., Manila, Philippines 1000 4. Dusit Hotel Nikko Ayala Center Makati City Metro Manila, Makati, 1223, Philippines 5. EDSA Shangri- La Hotel – 1 Garden Way Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, Manila 1650 6. Holiday Inn galleria Manila – 1 Asia Development Bank Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City, 7. Hotel Intercontinental Manila – 1 Ayala Avenue, Makati, Luzon 1226, Philippines 8. Hyatt Hotel and Casino Manila – 1588 Pedro Gil Corner MH Del Pilar, Malate, Manila 1004 9. Makati Shangri- La Manila – Ayala Avenue corner Makati Avenue, Makati City 1200 10. Mandarin Oriental Manila – Makati Ave, Makati City 1226 11. Pan Pacific Hotel – Gen M Malvar, Manila 1004Â  12. Renaissance Makati City hotel – Esperanza Street corner Makati Avenue, Ayala Center, Makati City 1228, Philippines, Manila 13. Sofitel Phillipine Plaza Manila – Ccp Complex Roxas Boulevard, Pasay – Manila 1099 14. The Bellevue Manila – North Bridgeway, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines 1781 15. The Manila Hotel – One Rizal Park 0913 Manila Po Box 307 Philippines 16. Heritage Hotel – Manila – Roxas Boulevard corner Edsa Pasay City 1300 17. The Peninsula Manila – Ayala Museum, Makati Ave, 1226 See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay 18. Vivere Suites – 5102 Bridgeway Avenue corner ASEAN Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Muntinlupa City 1781 Accredited First Class Hotels in the Philippines 1. CSB International Conference Center – Arellano cor Estrada Sts | Malate, Manila, Luzon 1004, Philippines 2. Discovery Suites – Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1600 Philippines 3. Great Eastern Hotel – 7842 Makati Avenue, 1200 Manila 4. Manila Pavilion hotel – United Nations Avenue, Corner Ma. Orosa Str Manila 1000 , Philippines 5. The Linden Suites Hotel – 37 San Miguel Avenue, Ortigas Centre Pasig City 1600 6. The Pearl Manila Hotel – General Luna Str., Corner Taft & United Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila, Luzon 1000, 7. The richmonde Hotel – 21 San Miguel Avenue Pasig City‎ 8. Traders hotel Manila – 3001 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay, Manila, 1305 Philippines Accredited Standard Hotels in the Phillipines 1. Aloha Hotel – 2150 Roxas Boulevard, Cor. Quirino Ave.,Malate Manila, 1004 Philippines. 2. Bayview Park Hotel – 1118 Roxas Boulevard Cor., United Nations Avenue, 1000 Manila 3. Best Western hotel La Corona – 1166 M. H. Del Pilar St. cor. Arquiza St. Ermita, Manila, Philippines 4. Camelot Hotel 5. CEO Suites 6. Cherry Blossoms Hotel – 7. City Garden Suites – 8. Citystate Towe Hotel – 9. Garden Plaza Hotel – 10. Hotel Las Palmas –

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Of Sociology - 830 Words

Suppose you’re going on a hot date. You have a couple of hours before your big evening I’m quite sure your preparing yourself or getting ready to I hope. I bet you decide on a particular outfit or maybe try on a few. You want to make a wonderful impression so you use your good fragrance. You rehearse some catchy lines that you think will make he/she laugh. These are all concepts that go along with the sociological approach called the symbolic interactionist perspective. This approach is used to describe how our society can be viewed and its variants applied to daily interactions. Sociologists use a variation of theoretical perceptions to make sense of the world. These perspectives or ideas provide a structure for understanding explanations on matters, we find odd. The approach we will focus on is the symbolic interactionist perspective of sociology which looks at society as a product of ordinary social interactions of an individual. Symbolic interactionists also study how people use symbols to form meanings. The fundamental principle of this theory, is that the meaning we stem from and attribute to the world we see around us is a social creation produced by everyday social communication. In other words this theory is focused on how we use and understand things as symbols to communicate with one another, how we as individuals create and maintain an identity that we present to the world and a sense of self inside us. Also how we create and maintain the reality that weShow MoreRelatedSymbolic Interactionist Perspective In Sociology1543 Words   |  7 Pagesdiff erent perspectives. Sociologists study everything from specific behaviors on the micro level to generalized, big pictures on the macro level. Each palpable explanation and theoretical generalization of society and social behavior that sociologists provide, contribute to the understanding of complex behaviors we demonstrate everyday. Pioneering sociologists introduced a broad conceptualization of the fundamentals of society. These views are now the basis of which today’s theoretical perspectives areRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives in Sociology are Functionalist Perspective, Conflict Perspective, and Symbolic Interactionist Perspective585 Words   |  2 PagesThe three primary theoretical perspectives in sociology are Functionalist Perspective, Conflict Perspective, and Symbolic Interactionist Perspective. Functionalist perspective was introduced around the 1940s, by three men: Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton. According to their perspective, society has intertwined parts that work together to create social balance. In other words, sociologists focus on the connecting various parts of society and analyze how a group/personRead Moretheories of sociology1205 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: CLASSIC THEORIES OF SOCIOLOGY 1 CLASSIC THEORIES OF SOCIOLOGY Abstract The purpose of this essay is to discuss the three basic theories of sociology. The three basic theories of sociology are functional, conflict, and symbolic interactionism. These theories are studied on the micro or macro level. The micro level is the sum of interactions between people and groups. The micro level analysis is based on small groups and individuals versus the macro level which is viewedRead MoreSoc/100 - Applying Sociological Perspectives1063 Words   |  5 Pages Applying Sociological Perspectives Stephanie Ann Tombline SOC/100 May 30, 2016 Jennifer Hudgins Applying Sociological Perspectives Social networking sites - such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and, Pinterest, just to name a few - provide individuals with an online web of global networking that allows maintaining social ties with one another. Sociologists often ponder, How do these social websites impact society? Above all, this is the question that is the central focus shared byRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism1727 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolic interactionism, or interactionism for short, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. This perspective has a long intellectual history, beginning with the German sociologist and economist, Max Weber and the American philosopher, George H. Mead, both of whom emphasized the subjective meaning of human behavior, the social process, and pragmatism. Herbert Blumer, who studied with Mead at the University of Chicago, is responsible for coining the term, symbolic interactionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Life1581 Words   |  7 Pages In order to interpret social life we have utilized three primary theoretical perspectives. In this paper I will summarize all three primary perspectives by identifying the role, figures and key concepts related to each of these three theories. I will then identify which of these three theories I find most useful in studying sociology today and then I will explain the rationale behind my selection. Finally, I will provide my own argument to the debate as whether the purpose of social research shouldRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism, By George Herbert Mead And Charles Horton Cooley937 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that is influential in many areas of the sociological discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. Symbolic interactionism is derived from American pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead. Herbert Blumer, a student and interpreter of Mead, coined the term symbolic interactionism and put forward an influential summary of the perspective: people act toward things based on the meaningRead MoreThe Core Concepts Of Sociology1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe core concepts of sociology are a combination of original theories with improved sociological approaches that build upon them over time. Sociology utilizes three main theories to approach the study of society with different focus points that result in different outcomes. Furthermore, as stated by Robert Faris and William Form from britannica â€Å"The early schools of thought each presented a systematic formulation of sociology that implied possession of exclusive truth and that involved a convictionRead MoreScociological1136 Words   |  5 PagesSociological Paradigms There are three sociological perspectives that shape the structure of society as a whole. Functionalist perspective, symbolic interactionism and conflict theory. Sociologists develop these theories to explain social phenomena. In this essay I will explain the origins and evolution of the three main sociological perspectives and listing the sociologists that made major contributions to these disciplines. â€Å"The functionalist perspective is a sociological approach which emphasizesRead More Social Phenomena Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pages(Kendall, 23). The three classic theories of sociology include the functionalist perspective, conflict perspective, and symbolic interactionist perspective. The functionalist perspective aims to explain sociological phenomena based on the belief that our society is a balanced system that depends on each part of the group to work together in order to survive. Most people in the group share that same morals and ethics. This varies greatly from the perspective of conflict theorists, who believe that each

Violence in Public Schools Essay - 2763 Words

The word violence is defined as, â€Å"an intense, turbulent or furious and often destructive action, force or exertion of physical strength so as to injure or abuse† (Webster 1316). Associating that term with the safety of our children within a public school setting will bring about an immediate reaction to discover what is root of the problem and what, as a society, can we do to prevent this behavior in the future. Violence in public schools is a growing concern for parents, teachers, faculty and the students themselves; therefore, becoming aware of a child’s temperament and aggressive conduct is vital in the prevention of violent behavior in the public school system. Although violence is the most exaggerated form of abuse within schools†¦show more content†¦One would also have to consider the amount of children who are bullied but not willing to admit to parents or faculty for fear of embarrassment which could possible make the numbers even more skewed. By and large there is a growing problem with violence in our public school system however, bullying is one issue associated with that steady increase; however, becoming aware of the warning signs is essential in fully understanding the extensive problems these school children are facing. Warning Signs of Potentially Violent Children Violent incidents and threats of violence at school negatively affect students, school staff and the educational process; therefore, fear and feelings of being unsafe cause students to miss school and participate less in class (Hamburg 2). If staff, faculty, parents and other peers become aware of the major warning signs to potentially violent students and children, the community, school and neighborhood will be a safer place for everyone. There are several highly important key factors in determining a child’s mental stability and aggressive tendencies. Although any of these signs alone or coupled together can present evidence of a disturbed child, the intent is to notice the behavior early and seek help where it is necessary. One warning signs to look for is the constant drawing or writing of violent images and messages. Violent students often indicate their intentions before acting them out through fantasyShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Public Schools871 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, several mass shootings have occurred in several places. Sadly, public schools in America have been venues for these mass shootings. How do we reduce these shootings? How do we ensure that the lives of our kids are safe? These are the questions parents all over America are asking. A lot of suggestions have been made to the government concerning the issue of mass shootings. Some say government have to ban the purchase of guns, others say there should be background checks, while othersRead MoreViolence in Public Schools4835 Words   |  20 PagesTopic: Violence in Public Schools Introduction The recent violence on school grounds (including elementary, middle school and high school violence) has created a climate of fear in American public schools, and the literature presented in this review relates to that fear and to the difficulty schools face in determining what students might be capable of mass killings on campus. Television coverage of school shootings leave the impression that there is more violence on school campusesRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Violence in Public Schools1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe starting point of violence takes place in communities and at home--not at school. Youth take what they hear and see at home and in their communities to school. The environment in some communities and households are positive and the presences of protective factors outweigh the high risk factors. However, there are communities and households where there is a lack of informal social control and high risk factors exist more than protective factors--, which affect y outh in a negative manner. Read MoreEssay on Bullying and Violence in Public Schools1365 Words   |  6 PagesBullying and Violence in Public Schools Although bullying has always been a problem in schools, it has more recently become a bigger crisis with vicious consequences. â€Å"However it is defined, bullying is not just child’s play, but a terrifying experience many schoolchildren face everyday. It can be as direct as teasing, hitting or threatening, or as indirect as exclusions, rumors or manipulation† (Garrett 2). Most kids do not think certain actions are classified as bullying, yet theyRead MoreLife1071 Words   |  5 Pages Why Chicago Public Schools need more Protective Measures Against School Violence Paul Cotton Baker College Online Why Chicago Schools need more Protective Measures Against School Violence Gun violence and the right to carry weapons have been two topics of heated debate over the last decade. From the violent burglaries to school shootings, the need for protection increases. The solution to end or reduce violence is not an easy task. Should societyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Public Health Policy Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). Currently, our interventions to prevent violence occur after a violent crime has occurred. The focus is to incarcerate individuals who have committed a violent crime (public health policy paper). We are failing to fix the infrastructureRead MoreA Research Proposal On Preventing School Violence1089 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Preventing School Violence Aim: The primary goal for this proposal is to provide the staff with recommendations to design a research proposal studying the violence in our public schools. Methods of prevention should be discussed on how to prevent reoccurring violence or how we can lessen the opportunities of school violence. These recommendations are ones that create a positive and safe environment for both students and staff. My recommendations will cover the following aspects: †¢ EducationRead MoreViolence and Education; School Safety937 Words   |  4 PagesViolence and Education: School Safety The most recent shooting at the elementary school located in Newtown, Connecticut have shifted our focus on the question of whether or not we are doing enough to protect our students in our schools across the nation. Every morning, parents send their children to school every morning trusting that they will be returning home the same day, but as we all know that isnt always the case for some. The tragedies that have taken place show that we need to pay moreRead MoreEssay on Arguments for School Dress Codes820 Words   |  4 PagesEnsuing President Bill Clintons State of the Union address in January of 1996, more and more public schools are implementing dress codes and uniform policies in their schools. As a result, there has been an increase in legal controversies dealing with the issue. The reason that dress codes are not conclusively enforced is due to the application of the First Amendment to juveniles in the public school setting. The First Amendment states that Congress shall ma ke no law respecting an establishmentRead MoreThe Correlation Between School Uniforms and Violence Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesIs the absence of school uniforms leading to an up rise of violence between children in public schools? According to the National School Safety Center’s Report on School Associated Violent Deaths, â€Å"Since the 1992-1993 school year, two-hundred seven were shooting victims† (Kelly n pag). According to the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), â€Å"10% of all public schools had one or more serious violent crimes (murder, rape, sexual battery, suicide, physical attack

Aggregate Demand and Supply Paper - 1955 Words

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique Ken Drake, ECO 372 Macroeconomics September 10, 2012 Jason Foster Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique In the United States the economy is currently in a recession, although signs are indicating that the economy is slowly recovering. In an effort to analyze the Unites States economy the unemployment rate, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates have been evaluated. The results of these evaluations are included in this report. Unemployment in the United States fell to 8.1% from 8.3% in July. U.S. employers are said to have added 96,000 jobs in July (KSL News, Sept) . According to reports from the department of workforce services the†¦show more content†¦Just like looking for a good time to buy into a stock, a person needs to look at several months of data to find a consistent pattern of troughs and peaks in the supply and demand wave, draw a line to mark out floor and ceiling, and then buy your stocks as the price climbs and sell before it reaches the top. Expectation can now be based on past events laid out in a reoccurring pattern. There is still some guesswork involved however, but not like it was in the past. The downward spiral of the United States economy can be caused by different factors. For example, record high gas prices and sub prime mortgage loans are tow key contributors. With the United States gas prices and unemployment rates at an all time high, it is no secret why consumers naturally spend less money. Consumers are using more money for their gas tanks just to get to work everyday, and the though of going on vacation or shopping is just a dream now for most. A higher price level reduces the purchasing power of the publics accumulated savings account balances (Aggregate demand and aggregate supply, 2012). A higher price level heavily wears out the purchasing power of such assets, the general public is much poorer and will automatically reduce its spending. Sub prime mortgage loans were designed to help people with bad credit purchase a home when they would not qualify. They w ere also designed to help people who didnt make quite enough incomeShow MoreRelatedOverview of Interrelated Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Curves1544 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Aggregate Supply Curve Variables One of the major facets and functions of modern macroeconomic and microeconomic theory are the interrelated aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. This report will focus on the latter as well as the variables that are typically accepted to affect the aggregate supply curves. An example graph showing a hypothetical shift in the aggregate supply curve is included in the appendix of this report. Aggregate Supply Curve Summary As noted in the introduction,Read MoreThe Effect Of Macroeconomic Shifts On The Ridge Tool Company Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesof the economy as a whole. While a firm can be successful with individual households, they are by no means exempt from the effect of macroeconomic shifts. Macroeconomic shifts are those that impact the aggregate supply and demand of an entire country, or the world. The aggregate supply and demand curves are plotted to display the real domestic output of a country vs. price. An event that is seemingly unrelated to the firm can change the future for a firm in the short term. We will be examining theRead MoreThe Effects Of Oil Prices On Various Parts Of The Economy1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to explain the effects of oil prices on various parts of the economy. The Impact of Lower Oil Prices by Bruce Lantz and Contemplating Collapsing Oil by Leonard Melman assist in explaining the advantages and disadvantages of declining oil price s. Both articles address the issues of unemployment and changes in total spending caused by the price of oil. Taking into consideration the opinions of chief brokerage and wealth management companies, as well as the actions ofRead MoreMeasuring Price Sensitivity And The Macroeconomic Environment Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageseach category listed below, as businesses, in particular, XYZ Company, must use microeconomic principles to make and validate decisions based on the following factors: price elasticity, consumer choices, production and costs, supply and demand, aggregate supply and aggregate demand, and macroeconomic measurements. Microeconomic principles aligned with macroeconomics, enable businesses to understand the behavior of individual business units and an organization, to predict, plan and achieve success. ElasticityRead MoreMonetary Policy And Its Impact On The Performance Of The Economy1161 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will discuss the goal of monetary policy and its impact on the performance of the economy as it relates to such factors as inflation, financial yield, and business. Monetary policy affects all kinds of monetary and financial decisions individuals make in this nation, whether to get a loan to purchase another house or car or to start up a company, whether to expand a business and whether to place savings in a bank, in bonds, or in the stock market. Furthermore, because the U.S. is the largestRead MoreDifference Between Fiscal And Monetary Policy Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the U.S. economy is forever changing due to various factors. Some of these economic policies are also developed due to various factors or events that may have occurred in the United States. This paper will discuss some policies that stimulate the economy, their relation to aggregate supp ly and demand, and the effectiveness of stimulation these policies will have on the economy. The article â€Å"What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy?† written by Dr. Econ and posted on the FederalRead MoreMerriwell Bag Company1078 Words   |  5 Pagesformed the company 20 years ago when he resigned as a mill supervisor for a large paper manufacturer. Ironically, the same manufacturer formed a container division five years ago and is presently one of Merriwell’s competitors. Company Strategy The family attributes the success of Merriwell Bag Company to the fact that it has found a market niche and has no â€Å"serious† competition. Merriwell supplies stock bags to many small chain stores scattered over a wide geographical area. It shipsRead MoreU.S. Federal Government and Economic Issues Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper relates to what I have learned in the Macroeconomics class. For this final term paper; I will write about the U.S. federal government operations and how government leaders handle macroeconomic issues in our economy. We will discuss a couple of current economic issues and what the federal government is doing to reach solutions. I will also address U.S. unemployment issues, international trade, fiscal and monetary policies, and methods of alternative energy, along with the Federal Reserve’sRead MoreEconomics Affects Our Daily Life1576 Words   |  7 Pagessatisfy their various desires. Different aspects of economy analyzes and studi es production, factors of production, demand and supply analysis, consumption, distribution, market structure etc. Question 1 Economics can be classified into two main branches, which are macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics refers to study of economic aggregates (aggregate demand, aggregate supply etc.) while Microeconomics refers to study of behavior and performance of individual parts of economy such as firmRead More Monetary Policy Constraints in an Small Open and Dollarized Economy1459 Words   |  6 Pagesmonetary and exchange rate policies to affect interest rates aggregate output and internal credit in the short run.[1] Nonetheless, in small open economies these tools have limited efficiency, since global markets determine interest rates. Many small economies use fixed exchange rate policies to control inflation or promote stabilization. This policy puts constraints on the use of monetary tools that increase aggregate output because money supply change is subject to a determined exchange rate. Furthermore

Contributory Negligence & Assumption of Risk-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Is Jo-Anne liable in negligence for Kates loss? Briefly discuss whether Herb Accounting Ltd is liable for Kates loss. 2.Is the Mortgage Contract between the bank and Stella enforceable? Is there a contract between Stella and Angelo for the supply of tomatoes? Answers: 1.Issue: Whether Jo-Anne is liable for Kates loss Whether the Herb Accounting Ltd is liable for Kates loss Rule: As per the given fact of the case, it can be found that Jo-Anne had knowledge about the resorts actual profit for the year 2016 but has misrepresented the facts to make Kate purchase the Bay View Resort, which can be said as illegal. However, even if we consider that Jo-Anne was ignorant about the misrepresentation in the Auditors report then also Jo-Anne is liable for the act of negligence. Essentials of Negligence: To prove that the negligence has been occurred on the part of the defendant, the plaintiff has to prove the following essentials of negligence. Duty to take care: The defendant is the person who had the legal duty to take reasonable care. When the defendant omits to take such reasonable care towards the plaintiff, he is said to have negligence in taking the proper care[1]. In the given case, Jo Anne has the duty to take reasonable care in towards Kate to advice him in purchasing motels., the first essential of negligence is proved and Jo Anne can be made liable for the negligence acting as the real estate advisor of Kate. Duty to Whom: In Donoghue v Stevenson, it has been stated that the duty is not limited only towards the plaintiff but also its neighbors. The neighbors are those who are directly or closely affected by the act of the defendant as stated by Lord Atkin[2]. In the given case, Jo Anne has the duty towards the Kate, but Jo Anne could not perform his duties as required. Therefore, Kate has proved that Jo Anne has the duty towards him which has not been performed by Jo Anne and that caused injury to Kate. Breach of the Duty: The defendant has the duty to take reasonable care, which a normal person would have taken in the course of his business in performing the task for which he has been employed on contracted. When the defendant does not performs any act or omits to perform any act he is said to have breach his legal duty. The defendant who has breached its legal duty to do or not to do any act as per the contract and for omitting such act the plaintiff suffers injury or damage , the defendant shall be held liable for such breach. In the given case, Jo Anne has breached its duty to take reasonable care and shall be made liable. Thus, this essential has also been proved which proves that Jo Anne was responsible for the breach caused to Kate and shall be liable to pay damages. Factual Causation: The plaintiff must prove that the defendant has made omissions, which has resulted in the injury or damage. However, the cause between the breach of duty and the damage caused is determined by the court[3]. The court observes that the damage or injury suffered in the direct result of the breach of duty by the defendant (Section 11, Civil Liability Act, 2003)[4]. The High Court of Australia has held that to determine the actual cause of the damage or whether the damage is the direct cause of the breach, the court has initiated a test which the court stated as but for test, because it is very complicated when there are many causes for a single damage or injury. In the given case, the breach made by Jo Anne was direct cause of the accident or injury suffered by Kate. Therefore, Jo Anne was responsible for the damage or injury suffered by Kate making loss in his business. Harm: The plaintiff can claim for damages only if there is a pecuniary damage, which is the cause of the breach of duty on the part of the defendant. A plaintiff is entitled to only legal remedy if the plaintiff sustains no pecuniary damage. In the given case, Jo Annes breach of duty has caused harm to Kate. The harm that Jo Anne has done to Kate is that for the act of negligent Jo Anne made loss in his business which he cannot recover and had to sell the resort at a rate which is lower than that which he has purchased. Therefore, Jo Anne has acted negligently and has done harm to Kate. Damages: The plaintiff has to prove that there has been a substantial damages caused by the act of the defendant. The damages received by the plaintiff may be harm to the body, reputation, property or any economic loss[5]. In the given case Jo Anne was negligent in his act to and left Kate unknown about the actual reason behind such a good profit in the year 2016. Therefore, it is proven that Jo Anne has made the breach for which Kate is entitled to receive damages from Jo Anne. Application: In the given case, Jo Anne was responsible to provide detailed information regarding the resort which Kate had purchased for its business. Jo Anne had the duty towards Kate being the real estate advisor. Jo Anne should have disclosed all material information to Kate regarding the resorts financial status. Moreover, Jo Anne should have disclosed the information of fishing competition which was to be held in the resort. The Bay View Resort has made a profit of $1.2 Million in the year 2016 which was false and misleading. This all information was expected to be kept by the real estate agent Jo Anne which she has negligently missed. Jo Anne should be made liable for the negligent act which a prudent or ordinary man would have done in ts ordinary course of business. Therefore, Jo Anne shall be liable for the act of negligence. She shall also be charged under the Civil Liability Act, 2003 for the negligent act and shall pay damages to Kate for the loss suffered by him for the Act of Jo Ann e. Herb Accounting Ltd has not acted ethically and should be liable for the loss of Kate. As a professional accounting firm, it should have maintained the ethical relation with Kate. The accounting statement of Herb has misrepresented Kate in making purchase decision of the Bay View Resort. Therefore, Herb Accounting Ltd shall be liable for making misrepresentation and has undue influence on the decision of Kate by publishing a over stating accounting statement by showing a profit of $1.2 Million. 2.Issue: Whether mortgage contract between the bank and Stella enforceable Whether there is a contract between Stella and Angelo for the supply of Tomatoes Rule: The issue with respect to the give fact can be resolved by the Contract law o Australia. The case can only be solved if we find that essentials of the contract law must be fulfilled. Agreements, which form a contract, must fulfill the 7 important elements of a valid contract. The elements of contract are offer and acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, certainty, capacity, free consent and legality of the objects[6]. The first elements of a contract are offer and acceptance. When a person shows his willingness to engage in doing or stay away from doing any act and ask the other to provide his consent to perform the act, the proposal is made. When the person gives his consent to the proposal or accepts the proposal, it is said that the proposal is accepted. In creating, a contract the first step is that one party shall make an offer to do an act and the other party will give his consent. When the proposal is accepted, it becomes a promise[7]. In Carbill v Carbolic Smoke ball Co, it has been held that the defendant company made the offer to the public at large and by using the product of the defendant company; the plaintiff has accepted the offer. The promise or agreement must be followed by consideration of the Act[8]. The consideration to an agreement may be in monetary value or is of any other kind. For instance[9], A promises to give his car to B and B agrees to that offer, after some days A change his mind to give his car to B. B cannot take action against A, as there was no consideration paid by B. The agreement made between the parties must be certain[10].For instance, A agrees to sell B a cartoon of biscuit, here the nature of the agreement is certain and can be fulfilled. The parties entering into contract shall have the intention to create a legal relationship. In Lim Keng Siong v Yeo Ah Tee, it has been held that the parties to the contract have intended to form a contract and mere absence of an written agreement does not mean that they does not form a legal relationship which cannot be enforceable by law[11]. The persons entering into contract must have the capacity to enter into contract of the Act, i.e., he must have attained the age of majority, must be of sound mind and is not barred by law to enter into contract[12]. Parties to the agreement shall give their consent freely i.e. the consent of the parties are free from coercion, undue influence, fraud and misrepresentation. In the given case, Joash consent to leave the job to work in his family business was free from any undue restriction or conditions[13]. Application: As per the first issue, the mortgage contract between the Bank and Stella cannot be enforced because the consent of Stella in making the mortgage contract is through misrepresentation. As per the contract law, if any of the parties to the contract enters into contract without taking his consent or through misrepresentation then the contract so made is void and cannot be enforced in the eye of law. As we know that as per the definition of Contract, Contract is an agreement enforceable by law[14]. The second issue is that he contract between Stella and Angelo has been formed as we know contract can be written as well as oral. Angelo has made a contract with Stella orally. The contract with Stella fulfills all the essential elements of the contract and is thus there is a contract between Stella and Angelo. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that mortgage between bank and Stella cannot be enforced as it does not fulfills the essential elements of contact and the contract between Stella and Angelo is a contract for the supply of tomatoes as it fulfills all the essentials of a valid contract. 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Wong, T.C. and You, O.H., 2014. Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.386