Violence in Public Schools Essay - 2763 Words

The word violence is defined as, â€Å"an intense, turbulent or furious and often destructive action, force or exertion of physical strength so as to injure or abuse† (Webster 1316). Associating that term with the safety of our children within a public school setting will bring about an immediate reaction to discover what is root of the problem and what, as a society, can we do to prevent this behavior in the future. Violence in public schools is a growing concern for parents, teachers, faculty and the students themselves; therefore, becoming aware of a child’s temperament and aggressive conduct is vital in the prevention of violent behavior in the public school system. Although violence is the most exaggerated form of abuse within schools†¦show more content†¦One would also have to consider the amount of children who are bullied but not willing to admit to parents or faculty for fear of embarrassment which could possible make the numbers even more skewed. By and large there is a growing problem with violence in our public school system however, bullying is one issue associated with that steady increase; however, becoming aware of the warning signs is essential in fully understanding the extensive problems these school children are facing. Warning Signs of Potentially Violent Children Violent incidents and threats of violence at school negatively affect students, school staff and the educational process; therefore, fear and feelings of being unsafe cause students to miss school and participate less in class (Hamburg 2). If staff, faculty, parents and other peers become aware of the major warning signs to potentially violent students and children, the community, school and neighborhood will be a safer place for everyone. There are several highly important key factors in determining a child’s mental stability and aggressive tendencies. Although any of these signs alone or coupled together can present evidence of a disturbed child, the intent is to notice the behavior early and seek help where it is necessary. One warning signs to look for is the constant drawing or writing of violent images and messages. Violent students often indicate their intentions before acting them out through fantasyShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Public Schools871 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, several mass shootings have occurred in several places. Sadly, public schools in America have been venues for these mass shootings. How do we reduce these shootings? How do we ensure that the lives of our kids are safe? These are the questions parents all over America are asking. A lot of suggestions have been made to the government concerning the issue of mass shootings. Some say government have to ban the purchase of guns, others say there should be background checks, while othersRead MoreViolence in Public Schools4835 Words   |  20 PagesTopic: Violence in Public Schools Introduction The recent violence on school grounds (including elementary, middle school and high school violence) has created a climate of fear in American public schools, and the literature presented in this review relates to that fear and to the difficulty schools face in determining what students might be capable of mass killings on campus. Television coverage of school shootings leave the impression that there is more violence on school campusesRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Violence in Public Schools1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe starting point of violence takes place in communities and at home--not at school. Youth take what they hear and see at home and in their communities to school. The environment in some communities and households are positive and the presences of protective factors outweigh the high risk factors. However, there are communities and households where there is a lack of informal social control and high risk factors exist more than protective factors--, which affect y outh in a negative manner. Read MoreEssay on Bullying and Violence in Public Schools1365 Words   |  6 PagesBullying and Violence in Public Schools Although bullying has always been a problem in schools, it has more recently become a bigger crisis with vicious consequences. â€Å"However it is defined, bullying is not just child’s play, but a terrifying experience many schoolchildren face everyday. It can be as direct as teasing, hitting or threatening, or as indirect as exclusions, rumors or manipulation† (Garrett 2). Most kids do not think certain actions are classified as bullying, yet theyRead MoreLife1071 Words   |  5 Pages Why Chicago Public Schools need more Protective Measures Against School Violence Paul Cotton Baker College Online Why Chicago Schools need more Protective Measures Against School Violence Gun violence and the right to carry weapons have been two topics of heated debate over the last decade. From the violent burglaries to school shootings, the need for protection increases. The solution to end or reduce violence is not an easy task. Should societyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Public Health Policy Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). Currently, our interventions to prevent violence occur after a violent crime has occurred. The focus is to incarcerate individuals who have committed a violent crime (public health policy paper). We are failing to fix the infrastructureRead MoreA Research Proposal On Preventing School Violence1089 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Preventing School Violence Aim: The primary goal for this proposal is to provide the staff with recommendations to design a research proposal studying the violence in our public schools. Methods of prevention should be discussed on how to prevent reoccurring violence or how we can lessen the opportunities of school violence. These recommendations are ones that create a positive and safe environment for both students and staff. My recommendations will cover the following aspects: †¢ EducationRead MoreViolence and Education; School Safety937 Words   |  4 PagesViolence and Education: School Safety The most recent shooting at the elementary school located in Newtown, Connecticut have shifted our focus on the question of whether or not we are doing enough to protect our students in our schools across the nation. Every morning, parents send their children to school every morning trusting that they will be returning home the same day, but as we all know that isnt always the case for some. The tragedies that have taken place show that we need to pay moreRead MoreEssay on Arguments for School Dress Codes820 Words   |  4 PagesEnsuing President Bill Clintons State of the Union address in January of 1996, more and more public schools are implementing dress codes and uniform policies in their schools. As a result, there has been an increase in legal controversies dealing with the issue. The reason that dress codes are not conclusively enforced is due to the application of the First Amendment to juveniles in the public school setting. The First Amendment states that Congress shall ma ke no law respecting an establishmentRead MoreThe Correlation Between School Uniforms and Violence Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesIs the absence of school uniforms leading to an up rise of violence between children in public schools? According to the National School Safety Center’s Report on School Associated Violent Deaths, â€Å"Since the 1992-1993 school year, two-hundred seven were shooting victims† (Kelly n pag). According to the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), â€Å"10% of all public schools had one or more serious violent crimes (murder, rape, sexual battery, suicide, physical attack

Aggregate Demand and Supply Paper - 1955 Words

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique Ken Drake, ECO 372 Macroeconomics September 10, 2012 Jason Foster Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique In the United States the economy is currently in a recession, although signs are indicating that the economy is slowly recovering. In an effort to analyze the Unites States economy the unemployment rate, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates have been evaluated. The results of these evaluations are included in this report. Unemployment in the United States fell to 8.1% from 8.3% in July. U.S. employers are said to have added 96,000 jobs in July (KSL News, Sept) . According to reports from the department of workforce services the†¦show more content†¦Just like looking for a good time to buy into a stock, a person needs to look at several months of data to find a consistent pattern of troughs and peaks in the supply and demand wave, draw a line to mark out floor and ceiling, and then buy your stocks as the price climbs and sell before it reaches the top. Expectation can now be based on past events laid out in a reoccurring pattern. There is still some guesswork involved however, but not like it was in the past. The downward spiral of the United States economy can be caused by different factors. For example, record high gas prices and sub prime mortgage loans are tow key contributors. With the United States gas prices and unemployment rates at an all time high, it is no secret why consumers naturally spend less money. Consumers are using more money for their gas tanks just to get to work everyday, and the though of going on vacation or shopping is just a dream now for most. A higher price level reduces the purchasing power of the publics accumulated savings account balances (Aggregate demand and aggregate supply, 2012). A higher price level heavily wears out the purchasing power of such assets, the general public is much poorer and will automatically reduce its spending. Sub prime mortgage loans were designed to help people with bad credit purchase a home when they would not qualify. They w ere also designed to help people who didnt make quite enough incomeShow MoreRelatedOverview of Interrelated Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Curves1544 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Aggregate Supply Curve Variables One of the major facets and functions of modern macroeconomic and microeconomic theory are the interrelated aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. This report will focus on the latter as well as the variables that are typically accepted to affect the aggregate supply curves. An example graph showing a hypothetical shift in the aggregate supply curve is included in the appendix of this report. Aggregate Supply Curve Summary As noted in the introduction,Read MoreThe Effect Of Macroeconomic Shifts On The Ridge Tool Company Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesof the economy as a whole. While a firm can be successful with individual households, they are by no means exempt from the effect of macroeconomic shifts. Macroeconomic shifts are those that impact the aggregate supply and demand of an entire country, or the world. The aggregate supply and demand curves are plotted to display the real domestic output of a country vs. price. An event that is seemingly unrelated to the firm can change the future for a firm in the short term. 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Taking into consideration the opinions of chief brokerage and wealth management companies, as well as the actions ofRead MoreMeasuring Price Sensitivity And The Macroeconomic Environment Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageseach category listed below, as businesses, in particular, XYZ Company, must use microeconomic principles to make and validate decisions based on the following factors: price elasticity, consumer choices, production and costs, supply and demand, aggregate supply and aggregate demand, and macroeconomic measurements. Microeconomic principles aligned with macroeconomics, enable businesses to understand the behavior of individual business units and an organization, to predict, plan and achieve success. ElasticityRead MoreMonetary Policy And Its Impact On The Performance Of The Economy1161 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will discuss the goal of monetary policy and its impact on the performance of the economy as it relates to such factors as inflation, financial yield, and business. Monetary policy affects all kinds of monetary and financial decisions individuals make in this nation, whether to get a loan to purchase another house or car or to start up a company, whether to expand a business and whether to place savings in a bank, in bonds, or in the stock market. Furthermore, because the U.S. is the largestRead MoreDifference Between Fiscal And Monetary Policy Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the U.S. economy is forever changing due to various factors. Some of these economic policies are also developed due to various factors or events that may have occurred in the United States. This paper will discuss some policies that stimulate the economy, their relation to aggregate supp ly and demand, and the effectiveness of stimulation these policies will have on the economy. The article â€Å"What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy?† written by Dr. Econ and posted on the FederalRead MoreMerriwell Bag Company1078 Words   |  5 Pagesformed the company 20 years ago when he resigned as a mill supervisor for a large paper manufacturer. Ironically, the same manufacturer formed a container division five years ago and is presently one of Merriwell’s competitors. Company Strategy The family attributes the success of Merriwell Bag Company to the fact that it has found a market niche and has no â€Å"serious† competition. Merriwell supplies stock bags to many small chain stores scattered over a wide geographical area. It shipsRead MoreU.S. Federal Government and Economic Issues Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper relates to what I have learned in the Macroeconomics class. For this final term paper; I will write about the U.S. federal government operations and how government leaders handle macroeconomic issues in our economy. 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Contributory Negligence & Assumption of Risk-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Is Jo-Anne liable in negligence for Kates loss? Briefly discuss whether Herb Accounting Ltd is liable for Kates loss. 2.Is the Mortgage Contract between the bank and Stella enforceable? Is there a contract between Stella and Angelo for the supply of tomatoes? Answers: 1.Issue: Whether Jo-Anne is liable for Kates loss Whether the Herb Accounting Ltd is liable for Kates loss Rule: As per the given fact of the case, it can be found that Jo-Anne had knowledge about the resorts actual profit for the year 2016 but has misrepresented the facts to make Kate purchase the Bay View Resort, which can be said as illegal. However, even if we consider that Jo-Anne was ignorant about the misrepresentation in the Auditors report then also Jo-Anne is liable for the act of negligence. Essentials of Negligence: To prove that the negligence has been occurred on the part of the defendant, the plaintiff has to prove the following essentials of negligence. Duty to take care: The defendant is the person who had the legal duty to take reasonable care. When the defendant omits to take such reasonable care towards the plaintiff, he is said to have negligence in taking the proper care[1]. In the given case, Jo Anne has the duty to take reasonable care in towards Kate to advice him in purchasing motels., the first essential of negligence is proved and Jo Anne can be made liable for the negligence acting as the real estate advisor of Kate. Duty to Whom: In Donoghue v Stevenson, it has been stated that the duty is not limited only towards the plaintiff but also its neighbors. The neighbors are those who are directly or closely affected by the act of the defendant as stated by Lord Atkin[2]. In the given case, Jo Anne has the duty towards the Kate, but Jo Anne could not perform his duties as required. Therefore, Kate has proved that Jo Anne has the duty towards him which has not been performed by Jo Anne and that caused injury to Kate. Breach of the Duty: The defendant has the duty to take reasonable care, which a normal person would have taken in the course of his business in performing the task for which he has been employed on contracted. When the defendant does not performs any act or omits to perform any act he is said to have breach his legal duty. The defendant who has breached its legal duty to do or not to do any act as per the contract and for omitting such act the plaintiff suffers injury or damage , the defendant shall be held liable for such breach. In the given case, Jo Anne has breached its duty to take reasonable care and shall be made liable. Thus, this essential has also been proved which proves that Jo Anne was responsible for the breach caused to Kate and shall be liable to pay damages. Factual Causation: The plaintiff must prove that the defendant has made omissions, which has resulted in the injury or damage. However, the cause between the breach of duty and the damage caused is determined by the court[3]. The court observes that the damage or injury suffered in the direct result of the breach of duty by the defendant (Section 11, Civil Liability Act, 2003)[4]. The High Court of Australia has held that to determine the actual cause of the damage or whether the damage is the direct cause of the breach, the court has initiated a test which the court stated as but for test, because it is very complicated when there are many causes for a single damage or injury. In the given case, the breach made by Jo Anne was direct cause of the accident or injury suffered by Kate. Therefore, Jo Anne was responsible for the damage or injury suffered by Kate making loss in his business. Harm: The plaintiff can claim for damages only if there is a pecuniary damage, which is the cause of the breach of duty on the part of the defendant. A plaintiff is entitled to only legal remedy if the plaintiff sustains no pecuniary damage. In the given case, Jo Annes breach of duty has caused harm to Kate. The harm that Jo Anne has done to Kate is that for the act of negligent Jo Anne made loss in his business which he cannot recover and had to sell the resort at a rate which is lower than that which he has purchased. Therefore, Jo Anne has acted negligently and has done harm to Kate. Damages: The plaintiff has to prove that there has been a substantial damages caused by the act of the defendant. The damages received by the plaintiff may be harm to the body, reputation, property or any economic loss[5]. In the given case Jo Anne was negligent in his act to and left Kate unknown about the actual reason behind such a good profit in the year 2016. Therefore, it is proven that Jo Anne has made the breach for which Kate is entitled to receive damages from Jo Anne. Application: In the given case, Jo Anne was responsible to provide detailed information regarding the resort which Kate had purchased for its business. Jo Anne had the duty towards Kate being the real estate advisor. Jo Anne should have disclosed all material information to Kate regarding the resorts financial status. Moreover, Jo Anne should have disclosed the information of fishing competition which was to be held in the resort. The Bay View Resort has made a profit of $1.2 Million in the year 2016 which was false and misleading. This all information was expected to be kept by the real estate agent Jo Anne which she has negligently missed. Jo Anne should be made liable for the negligent act which a prudent or ordinary man would have done in ts ordinary course of business. Therefore, Jo Anne shall be liable for the act of negligence. She shall also be charged under the Civil Liability Act, 2003 for the negligent act and shall pay damages to Kate for the loss suffered by him for the Act of Jo Ann e. Herb Accounting Ltd has not acted ethically and should be liable for the loss of Kate. As a professional accounting firm, it should have maintained the ethical relation with Kate. The accounting statement of Herb has misrepresented Kate in making purchase decision of the Bay View Resort. Therefore, Herb Accounting Ltd shall be liable for making misrepresentation and has undue influence on the decision of Kate by publishing a over stating accounting statement by showing a profit of $1.2 Million. 2.Issue: Whether mortgage contract between the bank and Stella enforceable Whether there is a contract between Stella and Angelo for the supply of Tomatoes Rule: The issue with respect to the give fact can be resolved by the Contract law o Australia. The case can only be solved if we find that essentials of the contract law must be fulfilled. Agreements, which form a contract, must fulfill the 7 important elements of a valid contract. The elements of contract are offer and acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, certainty, capacity, free consent and legality of the objects[6]. The first elements of a contract are offer and acceptance. When a person shows his willingness to engage in doing or stay away from doing any act and ask the other to provide his consent to perform the act, the proposal is made. When the person gives his consent to the proposal or accepts the proposal, it is said that the proposal is accepted. In creating, a contract the first step is that one party shall make an offer to do an act and the other party will give his consent. When the proposal is accepted, it becomes a promise[7]. In Carbill v Carbolic Smoke ball Co, it has been held that the defendant company made the offer to the public at large and by using the product of the defendant company; the plaintiff has accepted the offer. The promise or agreement must be followed by consideration of the Act[8]. The consideration to an agreement may be in monetary value or is of any other kind. For instance[9], A promises to give his car to B and B agrees to that offer, after some days A change his mind to give his car to B. B cannot take action against A, as there was no consideration paid by B. The agreement made between the parties must be certain[10].For instance, A agrees to sell B a cartoon of biscuit, here the nature of the agreement is certain and can be fulfilled. The parties entering into contract shall have the intention to create a legal relationship. In Lim Keng Siong v Yeo Ah Tee, it has been held that the parties to the contract have intended to form a contract and mere absence of an written agreement does not mean that they does not form a legal relationship which cannot be enforceable by law[11]. The persons entering into contract must have the capacity to enter into contract of the Act, i.e., he must have attained the age of majority, must be of sound mind and is not barred by law to enter into contract[12]. Parties to the agreement shall give their consent freely i.e. the consent of the parties are free from coercion, undue influence, fraud and misrepresentation. In the given case, Joash consent to leave the job to work in his family business was free from any undue restriction or conditions[13]. Application: As per the first issue, the mortgage contract between the Bank and Stella cannot be enforced because the consent of Stella in making the mortgage contract is through misrepresentation. As per the contract law, if any of the parties to the contract enters into contract without taking his consent or through misrepresentation then the contract so made is void and cannot be enforced in the eye of law. As we know that as per the definition of Contract, Contract is an agreement enforceable by law[14]. The second issue is that he contract between Stella and Angelo has been formed as we know contract can be written as well as oral. Angelo has made a contract with Stella orally. The contract with Stella fulfills all the essential elements of the contract and is thus there is a contract between Stella and Angelo. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that mortgage between bank and Stella cannot be enforced as it does not fulfills the essential elements of contact and the contract between Stella and Angelo is a contract for the supply of tomatoes as it fulfills all the essentials of a valid contract. Bibliography: Blyth v Birmingham Water Works Co., (1856) LR 11 Exch.781 Bourhill v. Young, 1943 AC 92 Butterfield v Forrester, 1809 11 East 60 Cusimano, G.S. and Roberts, M.L., 2016. Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk.Alabama Tort Law,1. Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932 AC 562 Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us. Goldberg, J.C., Sebok, A.J. and Zipursky, B.C., 2016.Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress. Wolters Kluwer law business. Grant v. Australian Knitting Mils Ltd., 1935 AC 85 Lee, L.L., 2015. FRANCHISING CASES IN MALAYSIA.International Journal of Franchising Law,13(1). Lochgelly Iron Coal Co. v Mc Mulan, 1934 AC 1 McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Nicholas v. Marsland, 1875 LR 10 Ex.255 Srinivasan, V., 2015. Restraint of Trade: Emerging Trends. Stone, R. and Devenney, J., 2014.Text, cases and materials on contract law. Routledge. Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort, Ninth Edition, 1971, p.45. Wong, T.C. and You, O.H., 2014. Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.386. Blyth v Birmingham Water Works Co., (1856) LR 11 Exch.781 Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932 AC 562 Bourhill v. Young, 1943 AC 9 Cusimano, G.S. and Roberts, M.L., 2016. Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk.Alabama Tort Law,1. Butterfield v Forrester, 1809 11 East 6 Goldberg, J.C., Sebok, A.J. and Zipursky, B.C., 2016.Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress. Wolters Kluwer law business. Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us Srinivasan, V., 2015. Restraint of Trade: Emerging Trends. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK) Lochgelly Iron Coal Co. v Mc Mulan, 1934 AC 1 Nicholas v. Marsland, 1875 LR 10 Ex.255 Lee, L.L., 2015. FRANCHISING CASES IN MALAYSIA.International Journal of Franchising Law,13(1). Wong, T.C. and You, O.H., 2014. Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.386

ADNOC Oil and Natural Gas Company Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the ADNOC Oil and Natural Gas Company. Answer: Introductin About the company Operating for the past 45 years, ADNOC also known as Abu Dhabi National Company is one of worlds leading energy producing companies in the world. Founded in 1971, the company is responsible for the generation of maximum percentage of oil and gas in the UAE, the organization has over the years been responsible for the employment and boosting the economic growth of the country. The production capacity that has been stated by the company is 3 million barrels per day. The organization is in control of 95% of the oil reserves that are present in UAE as well as 92% of the gas reserve. ADNOC is also playing a key role in the development of a varied knowledge-based economy, as well as putting Abu Dhabis in the global arena. The company is focused on the three pillars of modern daymanagement of business that is the price, planet and people. Innovation in term of technology to meet the requirements of the dynamics in the oil and gas industry as well as new and better means to improve theintern al management of the organization is the route taken to grow in the business (adnoc.ae 2017). Vision of the company To have a positive impact on the future generations as well as the economy of Abu Dhabi Aims and objectives of the company The company follows the contemporary triple bottom line approach of business model that gives equal priority to the Price, people and the planet. The company realizes the responsibility it has towards the society and environment and acts accordingly. The company is the 12th largest producer of oil in the world. The objectives of the company are: To expand maximize the value of the assets that the company already owns in the oil and natural gas industry To have a positive impact on the economy of Abu Dhabi To maintain a sustainable growth in the industry To be a reliable global energy supplier for the long-term benefit of Abu Dhabi and the customers (thenational.ae, 2017) Management structure The Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council was founded in the year 1988. This body was set up as an authority to guide and set rules regarding the policies that are related to the oil and gas industries in Abu Dhabi. The activities that are undertaken in this industry are all regulated by this council. The board of directors of ADNOC is the part of this council and is responsible to formulate business as well as financial strategies of the company as well as the industry in Abu Dhabi. The council is headed by the president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. This group also consists of several other important personalities, who with their visionary nature and modern perspective of business lead the company towards the objectives. The highermanagement of ADNOC includes a group of prominent personalities who are responsible for operations and the business development of the company. Any decisions or any policies that is formulated on the behalf of the company are made by the people who are in the executive management. This policy has to be back up and supported by the Supreme Petroleum Council (adnoc.ae, 2017). Leader and Manager The definition of a leader can be referred to as an individual who inspires and encourages a committee or council of people so that a common purpose or objective can be achieved in a way that exhibits optimum performance and productivity. The leader of a group is mostly a person who is selected by the group, this person guides and regulates policies and takes decisions on behalf of the council. This person has a certain degree of control over the people so that the members are able to conduct the assigned task in a way that is high quality and highly efficient. The factions of a leader are to inspire, regulate, synthesize and review the objective and direct a route for the subordinates to follow. Integrity and honor are the two values that are mostly related to leadership. The position of a leader commands respect and the attitude of a subordinates are be justifiable and is expected accepts the guidance in a rightful manner (Northouse 2015). ADNOC is guided by the secure and rational support from the far sighted and visionary leadership of H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The position of a manager is offered to a person who is skilled and qualified to be a manger and is an expert in handling situations; he or she has to go through an academic training or in the job training in order to be in the post of a manager of any kind. The factions of a manager can be widely segmented under the following: strategizing, organizing, leading, policy and decision making and monitoring of the daily operations of the business. In a business enterprise there are managers at every level and every dimension in order to channelize the power evenly. For example: in ADOC there is an array of executives who deal with different divisions like: finance, administration, marketing as well as human resource. The appointment and the role of a manager depend upon the scale and nature of business. For example in a large scale organization a manager is appointed at various levels and with various hierarchies in order to administer the operations of various departments of the organiz ation. A manager looks after the balance in between the employees of an organization and the executives interest of the organization (Tourish 2014). Difference between a leader and a manager There are some of the basic differences in a manger and a leader though the essence of the position is similar. A leader is focused on the overall success of an endeavor; where as the focuses of a manager is limited and short term. Managers can be divided in term of the nature of job into project manager and people manager. A leader exhibits optimism in his behavior and encourages, motivates the subordinates to strive towards success, whereas a manager delegates task and directs the subordinates to work accordingly and deliver the assigned work in time. Leaders are responsible in creating changes in the organization so that both the productivity of the subordinates improves as well as it leads to the betterment of the project. A leader is always focus on building, maintaining and encouraging team work rather than just focusing on one person. A manager acts in response to the dynamics that are being implemented by the hierarchy of the company. The responsibility of a manager lies in directing a group of people who are a team towards a delegated task (Hornstein 2015). Roles of manager and leader in different organizational situations A business organization is a dynamic entity that has to grow with the changing factors that impact the business on a daily basis. The management is usually divided in hierarchy as top level management: which includes the personalities who are regarded as the executives of the organization as in ADNOC the CEO, Upstream Directorate, Downstream Directorate, Marketing, Sales Trading Directorate etc, most of the decisions taken by a company is by this group. Middle level management: the managers in the mid level are the ones who are responsible for guiding other managers in departments and on site locations they are responsible for devising operating decisions and then pass them for approval from the top level. Next is the first-line management or supervisory management also known as junior management these people are responsible for implementing the policies and rules of the organization that is formulated by the top two tiers, the managers deal directly with the resources who are resp onsible in the daily operations of the business (Wang et al. 2014). ADNOC is an organization that is at par with changes and the type of leadership that is expected form a manager in the organization is a mixture of both transformational and transactional. Motivation and encouragement along with creative innovations in terms of development is way the organization wants to grow in the future. The company is focused on the betterment of the organization as well as the people who are associated and in order to do the managers adapt to the changes and makes an effort to understand the dynamics of the industry. Hence transformational leadership is appropriate. According to the MARS theory of organizational behavior Motivation rate is dependent of the capability of the resource. The managers and the leaders are expected to understand the rate of motivation that the resource under him or her requires and hence the leader should have a transactional approach as well (Hill et al. 2014). Chaos theory Chaos theory can be defined as a concept of the process that describes development of a company that justifies how and why to expect the unexpected this also gives a scope to accept surprises and changes in the process of operation. There are two main aspects to the concept the butterfly effect and the feedback. The mechanism of this theory is based on by looking for organizational sketch that directs towards a particular type of behavior within the organization. The oil and gas industry works on heavy risk and crisis situations, the industry has been under several negative radar of environmentalists and councils of human rights. Hence the managers have to be ready with contingency plans and policies to deal with any situation that may arise. Accidents are not under the control of anyone but organizations should maintain safety measures and full precautions to avoid accidents (Cassidy 2016). Management by objectives This model explains how an organization can improve its productivity and performance by focusing on the objectives that are set by the company. The MBO theory states that, the leaders and the managers who are associated with an organization should come up with common goals and objectives for example: the objectives of ADNOC are aforementioned. According to this theory, the employees play a key role in the growth and development of the organization and they should be responsible enough to set their own target and with the help of the managers achieve them. Some of the functions of this theory are: enhancement in the employee motivation process, build commitment towards an organization; it also assures a improved communication in between the employees and the managers to attain the objectives. As ADNOC is one of the leading companies in the oil and natural gas industry that has goodwill of delivering the needful in the right time, the company is set to achieve all the objectives the strategies that are implemented in attaining the objective are. According to the CEO of ADNOC, Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber the company aims to achieve the objectives by concentrating the resources on four specific criterions: improving the performance and productivity o the company, maximizing the profitability of the organization, maximizing the efficiency and investing time and resource on the people who are directly or indirectly related to the organization (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Conclusion The leadership of H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and H.H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, has always been valued by the ADNOC as the steady uphold and constant support. The farsighted visionary leadership of the CEO has lead the company in building its reputation and coming up with new and innovative ways of management. The company in order to maintain the sustainability and ethical standpoint can implement more employee friendly policies so that the commitment towards the company is grown reducing the employee turnover. In order to deliver the commitment the organization should employee more skill improvement workshops for the employees. Safety and risk management is another area that has a lot of scope and improvement, the industry deals in hazardous items hence efforts should be directed towards innovations in technology that ensures minimum depletion of environmental resources as well as safety for the people who are working on site. References: adnoc.ae. 2017About us. [online] Available at: https://www.adnoc.ae/en/about-us/who-we-are [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. 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