Filipino Woman in the Biography by Lucy Komisar Essay

Literature is any form of expressing human’s simple to complex experiences that blend, combined and applied into words, well-chosen and arranged. It is full of thoughts, feelings, dreams, sorrows, aspirations and grief of human expressions in every harmonious way of expressions. It is a choice, choice of expressing everything without the hesitation from any hindrances. It is just like entering into a voyage, not to find good fortune but to have pleasure and satisfaction. It can be compared to choice of writing. Humans are writing not because of compliance but because they want to express something for the sake of self- satisfaction. They are not reading because they want to learn a lot but because to feel enjoyment while reading. It is not like going abroad for good but because of the experience. Through literature, people confide on to, talk to, rely on and can be the source of every emotion that they have to feel, feelings that distinguishes the level of their personality th at evokes their admirations. It is believed that the social and sexual conditions of women essentially embody their nature that the manner they are treated in society is congruent with what they really are. Thus, women’s social environment, can be generally described as subordinate to men, sexually colonized in the system of dominance, submission and denied rights and the basis of sex, historically chattel, basically considered biologically inferior confined to sex and reproduction. For most part of society and across time and space, man dominates the upper level of political, economical and social power while women are rarely or only partially included. The worth of men is generally more valued than that of women and is usually more compensated. Men are typically more valued in themselves as person, a fact often expressed in social customs, rights and laws. In fact, in almost every culture, the tools and conditions necessary for analysis, the means of communications and the forms of legitimating of knowl edge have been jealously and effectively kept from women. Today, Filipino women are no longer confined to the manual task of household chores but their full potentials, talents and innovativeness are explored and utilized. The power of women is such a huge and limitless tool of intellectual resource, a very vital factor behind a nation’s growth and development. Empowering the women at home, in the community, in work, in every aspect of society would mean empowering the other half of every aspects of nation’s human resource. At present, the Filipino women are already leaders in their own rights. They occupy high positions in the society. As they are free, they are also able to participate in social, economic and political activities. They command the respect of men – rights denied to them with the introduction of the Spanish culture in the country. After, nearly four hundred years after the Spaniards conquest of the Philippines, the Filipino woman has come full circle. She is now able to cooperate more effectively with men with the realization of common aspirations—a better world to live in, governed by the principles of justice and good will. Many writers have been supporters of Cory. They have produced books and a journal containing Cory’s life and Lucy Komisar is one of them. Lucy Komisar is a free-lance journalist, whose articles and analysis of foreign affairs have appeared in the wide variety of publications, including the â€Å"New York Times, the Washington Past, the Christian Science Monitor, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Miami Herald, News day and the Toronto Star, among many others. She is the authors of two books; â€Å"Down and Out in the USA: a history of Public Welfare and the New Feminism and has lectured at universities through out the country. She a member of the executive board of PEN, American Center, a past National Vice President of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She reported from the Philippines during the election campaign and peaceful revolution only in 1986 and returned recently to write the biography of Cory Aquino. The book â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution†, is the first biography essay of Corazon Aquino by Lucy Komisar. The book traces her life from the childhood in the wealthy family in the Philippines, her marriage to Benigno and her life in exile, a dramatic revolution that install her as President. It also describes the evolution of her life as political leader as she began putting a government together and taking on political and economic problems that face her country. A timely and evocative book, Corazon Aquino is moving portrait of a woman who demonstrates a new kind of heroism. Indeed, there is no doubt that Komisar is one of the writers and journalists who believes in the proper rights of women exercised in the society. The researchers believed that the writer, though an American journalist and writer has a big concern in the status of women in the society. Thus, the thorough analysis of Lucy Komisar’s biography â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution† vividly reflect the personalities of the former president Corazon Aquino and the women’s rights that rarely Filipino women exercised. Theoretical Framework The study is anchored on the general view of women’s right as well as human’s right. According to Legazpi (1998), the 1987 Constitution declares that â€Å"the state shall value the dignity of every person and guarantee full respect for human rights.† Enshrined therein, as a state policy is the recognition of the role of women in nation building and fundamental equality before the law of men and women. Within this framework, guaranteed respect of their personal dignity and human rights and equal treatment in all aspects of life is presented. The Constitutional Acknowledgment of Women’ rights are reiterated in numerous statutory enactments and relating to such subjects as civil relations, family rights and labor conditions. Various internal instruments to which the Philippines are the signatory signify and reinforce the state’s commitments towards upholding these rights. With particular focus on the character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino woman, the researchers gave much attention on how the former president exercised her rights on every character and how she gained recognition from these characters. Meanwhile, through the application of formalistic approach of literary analysis, the writer’s point of view in his essays such as styles, purpose and theme were studied. Statement of the Problem The study discusses the Character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino Woman in the biography by Lucy Komisar. Specifically, this study answers the following questions: 1. What are the events that project the character of the First Female President? 2. How does Corazon Aquino show the character as a Filipino Woman in the following personalities: 2.1Wife and Mother, 2.2 Widow, 2.3 Leader? 3. How do the author reveal the character of Corazon Aquino in relation to: 3.1Style, 3.2Purpose, 3.3Theme? 4. What implications of the essays are portrayed to uphold women’s right? Scope and Limitations The study focuses on the Character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino Woman in the biography by Lucy Komisar. In the study, the researchers gathered the events that project the character of the First Female President. It also analyzes how the late president shows her character as a leader, wife, and widow that makes her a strong and powerful president. The style, purpose and theme are also analyzed The study is significantly devoted to the evaluation, analysis and interpretation of the biography written by Lucy Komisar, â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution†. Significance of the Study The study on the Character of Corazon Aquino as a Filipino Woman in the biography written by Lucy Komisar, â€Å"Corazon Aquino: the Story of Revolution† is important in providing greater understanding and insights about the social issues in the society. Nevertheless, for those who specialize in English, the study could serve as a literary drill so that they may engage into critical analysis and interpretation and in the process that understand their value and significance. With the dynamism of education, the teaching approaches, instructional materials, references should conform to the changing times of our societal history. In this regard, the study can be used as a reference and instructional materials or tool in teaching the life of Corazon Aquino. For the teachers of literature, the study can help them generate insights on how students will be directed and/ or guided in dealing with and analyzing literary works. Likewise, the study may also enlighten the Filipino women especially of the contemporary times with regards to their rights and their roles as individuals, and as members of the society. For future researchers, the study may help them bring about the techniques, treatment and approaches in analyzing literary works. The study may also be used as a reference in sociology. It may help the readers understand the nature of the Filipino woman and her complexities. Most of all, the study may serve as a significant indication on the life of Corazon Aquino and the Filipino woman that can set a great pattern for the rights of women. Definition of Terms For the purpose of clear and consistency of terms used in the study, the following terms are hereby defined: Character – combination of qualities that distinguishes as individual person. In the research, it refers to the personality of Corazon Aquino as a wife, widow and leader. Civil Law – refers to the body of customs or practices applicable to specific group of community. It is the kind of law that the Corazon government exercise during her term. Concepts – it is the general idea toward a thing of universal specially, an abstract one. These are the ideas about the character of Corazon Aquino as Filipino Woman. Criticism – it is an intelligent appreciation of any work of art. It is the process of studying the literary piece in the present study. Descriptive Research – type of research that requires a detailed analysis of various aspects and phenomena and their interrelationship. It is the kind of research that researchers used in the present study . Historical Research – the systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe explain and thereby understand actions or event that occurred in the past. It is the basis of the researchers to present study, to collect data and references about the life of Cory Aquino. Liberalism – a doctrine of constitutional promulgation that presents liberty and freedom leaned on the consumption that liberty is natural right and that all over are born free. It is the vision of Corazon Aquino to the Filipino women during her presidency. Maidens of Antiquity – they are women who are perceived to play the traditional child hearing and house keeping. It is the kind of Filipino women that Corazon Aquino wants for a change. Silent Dictatorship – this relates to the characteristics of unobtrusive women over the household, personally take care of everything and have the power over all action and decision of a household. It is the relationship of husband and wife. The wife took all the responsibility and household chores while the husband holds the power. Social Liberation – refers to the ideology that women are capable of fuller and more positive involvement in the growth of the society in which they are apart of advocates, the woman should be viewed as valuable human resources of every fact of natural and international life. It is the organizations that builds women as part of the society and play a crucial role. Women are the center of society and highly regarded. Style – the manner of writing or composing piece with passion or elegance. It is the manner on how the author writes the essay in formal form. Personality – excellence or distinction of social and personal traits. It refers to the characteristics of Aquino as a Filipino woman and all women in the society. Purpose – the aim of an essay which is intended to deliver to the reader him/herself. It refers to the goal of the author on how to show the character of Corazon Aquino in the essays. Presidency – the office, dignity, terms, jurisdiction or residence of a President. It is the position Corazon Aquino holds after the EDSA revolution of 1986 over Marcos’ government. Theme – an idea or motive in a work which may be varied or developed. It is the basis of the topic or concept in the present study. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the review of related literature and study of the research. Related Literature Foreign Literature During the time of Roman republic, women are underestimated by men. In the women’s lifetime, they have to obey their husbands as well as their father. Women are to take care of their guardian. Roman women are typically married off by the age of eighteen. After marriage, women cannot claim rights in her husband’s property and can not appeal in court. But the law has changed, wherein woman becomes powerful in terms of rights and can inherit the property whenever their husband dies. Some women in the elite class become powerful because of their richness, power through marriage and their adulterous. (Russel, 1996) Before, women were not allowed to vote, to be part of the public and political life and even going out without covering everything except their eyes. In other countries, they were not allowed to drink alcohol and if they were caught, they would be punished severely or punished to death. Women have played different role in different society and in different times. In matriarchal society, women are more powerful than men. In paternal society, men are everything to women. Women and men have the same right. Men occupy the position as the group leader more often than women, but old women assume such roles. Women are now working industriously and earn money to support their family. They work hard as men, but they do not get some respect and salary as men. Women have been tired and worked hard to gain some rights as men. (www.women @society.htm, 2008) It has been clear over the last half of the century that women have made the great strides and effort to achieve equality in all areas of society. It might be able to shed some lights as to where our society is going in regard to women in elected office. One will surely think that men are the ones against women in politics; in fact, in the beginning, men are the ones who vote before a woman president, before the women can. The same instance holds for the amount of people who believe that women are not suited for politics. The religious and non- religious sects are expecting more liberal views about women in politics as time passes. But people have believed that women have the right to be representatives in politics. The trends that people see bring up the problem in our society. Yes, it is true that men and women, the religious and non religious, all feed that women have place in the politics but still lack in equality as to the number of offices that women hold. In order for a change to be made, women must have the courage and belief that they are just as qualified to be in politics and must be extremely aggressive in their action. (www.women@politicshtml, 2008) Frummer (1981), states that critical essay helps reader understand a subject. To be critical means to be keen in every detail of the research a person is studying. Its Greek root means â€Å"to separate, discern or choose†; thus the critical essay attempts to enhance the reader’s understanding of subjects by analyzing different parts and interpreting its meaning. It may deal with any subject worthy of serious study like a painting, a film, a social movement. In most writing classes, however, the critical essay assignment focuses in literature although similar procedures are followed in writing other essays. The success of the critical essays depends on another process- the informed reading of another imaginative literature. According to Harmon (1992), the essay is divided into two: the formal essay and the non formal essay. Formal essay is diversified in form, spirit and length. At one extreme, it is represented by brief, serious magazine article and at the other by the scientific and philosophical treatises like books rather than essays. The technique of the formal essay is now practically identical with that of all factual or theoretical prose in which literary effect is secondary. The informal essay, on the other hand, has its beginning in aphoustic and moralistic writing, animated by the infection of the personal, broadened and lightened by a free treatment of human manners, controlled somewhat by the limitations of periodical publications has developed into a recognizable genre, the first purpose which is to entertain. Stanford (1999) suggests that when responding to an essay one should consider its central purpose. An essay may make significant comparisons or contrasts; it may explain the reasons of an occurrence or explore the effects of a particular event or action. Some essays contemplate or speculate on an idea, exploring many possibilities without insisting on one final conclusion; many other essays, in one way or another argue for or against a point of view, a solution to a problem or a new way of thinking about the word. Whatever the essay’s purpose, a reader should look carefully at the writer’s choice of words as well as the way he or she structures both the essay itself and its sentences and paragraph. Local Literature The highly personalized word of action in an impediment to the development of a wider, institutional sphere is based on abstraction such as â€Å"the rule of the law† and â€Å"the common good†. It may be assumed that this has much to do with the central position of the mother in the Filipino household and all the burdens that it entails. This position becomes the ideological pivot that places women apart from men. The purity of women symbolizes the wholeness of the home. As a superego representative, the term â€Å"Mother† remains the primary embodiment of conscience. In extending and symbolizing warmth and goodness, the female as a wife and mother should love, that is forgiving: she should be gentle and compassionate with those who morally depend on her. (Mulder, 1997) According to the Asian Development Bank (2002), the major constraints affecting the sociological status of Filipino women are very often quite separate from the substantive nature of law itself. Even in countries where women’s right are fully guaranteed in law, the actual implementation and protection of those rights are often compromised by a complex system of practices based on historical, cultural, linguistic, religious, political and other traditions. In many cases, the factor giving rise to the discrimination is many deep-rooted and relate to non legal or paralegal issues. During the period of revolution, the aim of Katipunan was to work for the independence of the Philippines. Besides the pursuit of this aim, there was valuable reaching which the manners were strictly required to follow. Respect for womanhood was the moral qualification of an applicant before she could be accepted as a member. The observer of the article referring to woman was strictly demanded during the early days of the association. There were not a few in who was expelled because of failure to live up to teachings of the organizations. (Kintanar, 1996) Among all the domains in which the Fili pino woman participates, it is perhaps in the home where she enjoys the highest status. When women themselves strongly believe that their place is at home, they become household centered. The wife’s work is to be a loving and loyal mate to her husband. She is responsible for keeping the marriage intact by means of her patience, hard work, submissiveness, and virtue. A mother must attend to her children’s needs such as meals, health, clothing, school needs and moral and religious development. She remains a good household manager and puts her own welfare before that of her husband and children. The recent upsurge of interest in advancing the development of women and increasing their participation in community affairs has also resulted in a realization that they can and should become effective partners of men in development endeavors. Women are therefore urge to refrain from confining themselves to the home and household work– their social, economic, political and religious endeavors altered to. (Torres, 1995) Cory Aquino has already earned a unique pl ace in the history. In the world dominated by men in action, she is a rarity by virtue of her sex; in a political world, where man assumed power through the traditional electoral process or violence, she became the nation’s President through circumstances without any known precedent. As a family member, she is a very clear about her likes and dislikes. She has never been neutral. She tries to do it in a nice way but she makes it very clear that, for example, â€Å"I’m sorry, I can’t support you†. As a mother, she has always cooled under pressure. When her husband was arrested, she was upset that she was in perfect control. Her siblings could always look up to her as a source of strength. (Crisostomo, 1986) As a housewife, she never missed a chance with her husband. She stood by the side of her husband and never questioned all his decisions. She never chided him for the troubles he brought into her family. When Ninoy was challenged by Imelda in his prison cell, Cory took his p lace in the campaign. She, who did not have the experience in the political stage, nor entertained much, hope that she would make it. For seven and a half years, she stood outside the gate of his maximum security prison. As the color of her life changed, she followed a few days later, no longer as a housewife but as a widow to lay his body in the grave. The military soldiers took away her husband’s life by shooting him at the back of his head. Before, she was declared as a President, there were lots of consequences she encountered. The chanting done in the computer during the election offered to her just to reject the position and more. Despite of this consequences and offer, she was not dictated by them; instead, she made some moves to fight for what she deserved. (Tica, 2007) As a president, she forced three major tasks: rebuilding democracy, reserving the economy and ending the communists’ insurgency—the longest running of its kinds in the world. Her camp and her military advisers suggested that the inauguration be held inside Camp Crame where they would ensure security. But the civilian activists wanted it before the huge crowd of EDSA to dramatize the fact that she was being installed not by military but by People’s Power. For almost 13 years of Marcos service in the government, the communist turned into a formidable force enjoying the distant admiration of the nation. Everybody wanted Marcos government to lose, but nobody wanted communists to win. Cory Aquino was fortunate. Almost everybody wanted her and they did everything just to place Cory in the position. It made the Filipino people admire the power and bravery of Corazon Aquino. She was the first Filipino woman president who proved to the nation that women could also place in the politics of a society. (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2003) The essay is the communication from the individual author, as person to the reader. Like fiction, the essay is read rather than heard or seen and for these reasons, the author will typically identify himself as one addressing the audience. Since the essay is read from the printed page, its content is not objectively present. This is also true of fiction. However, the typical essay is thought off by the reader as a communication from the author to itself. (Tan, 1995) According to Ramos (1991), an essay may be of any length, breadth, death, density, color, savor, odor, appearance, volume or uselessness. It is broadened on one side by the hell fire sermon and or the other by geometrical demonstration; and it ranges easily between these extremes of heat and occasionally steals from both of them. The main division into which the essay may be divided, is the personal/ familiar essay – a transcript of a personal reaction to some phase or fact of life; the author does not regard life with the cold eyes of the scientific thinker. The second is formal essay – a serious and personal. It undertakes to discuss a subject critically and coldly; and though it also reveals the author’s tastes and views, the intimacy between writers and readers hardly exists, for the personality of the former is suppressed. (Roseburg, 1969)

Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas Essay

Select one type of fossil fuel (Coal, Petroleum or Natural Gas) and one type of renewable energy resource (Solar power, Wind power, Hydropower, Geothermal power, or Biomass). Research and record the information in the chart. If you would prefer to use a different format to present this information, that is fine; however, you must include all the information on the chart in order to receive full credit for this assignment. The assignment is worth 60 points Chart question 1,3,5,7,8,9,10 = 4 points Chart questions 2,4 and 6 = 8 points each Concluding paragraph = 8 points If you would like to use a different resource than listed in the lesson, please contact your instructor for approval. The chart will expand as you type in it this will give you more room to enter information. Fossil Fuel: Petroleum fuel Describe this resource : A fossil fuel found in the earth used to power cars and power plants. Advantages of this resource (include at least two) 1. Theres an abundance of it. 2. very compact and easily portable source of energy Renewable resource: Solar Power Describe this resource: Energy harvested from the sun using solar pannels. 1. Much better for the enviroment that burning fossil fuels. 2. Very cost efficient, cheap energy. Disadvantages of this resource (include at least two) Petroleum fuel 1. Running out we are expected to run out of oil and petroleum fuel in the next 50 to 150 years. 2. Suspected to be a cause of global warming Solar power 1. only harvestable during the day time. 2. energy availability can be reduced by the weather. How does collecting this resource effect the environment? Petroleum fuel: It reduces the ammount left and takes from the earths natural resources. Solar energy: Has little to no effect. How does using this resource effect the environment? Petroleum fuel: Increases the green house gas emitions in the atmosphere. Solar energy: Help to create a more healthy enviroment for everyone. Compare the cost of both resources. Which is more expensive to create? Which is more expensive to use? Solar energy is more expensive to create because of the cost to build solar panels while petroleum just needs to be extracted fro the earth. However, solar energy is much cheaper over time when being used because it costs nothing and the petroleum fuel must be bought annually and paid for. What technology is involved in gathering or using this resource? The building of solar pannels and use of them to collect energy from the sun. And the pumps and items needed to extract fossil fuels from the earth. How do we use this resource to generate electricity? The solar panels convert solar power into energy while you burn petroleum fuel to create energy. What are the potential hazards associated with using and this resource? (include at least two) Toxic fumes from petroleum gas are lethal when concentrated in a small area as well as it is considered a key contributor to global warming. And I have had problems finding any real hazards other than the very small possibility that being near the solar panels for long periods of time can cause cancer. If this were to be our primary way for generating electricity what effect would this have on individuals and the environment? solar energy would create a much healthier enviroment for everyone. Petroleum would continue to destroy our enviroment as it is burned. Conclusion Paragraph In conclusion petroleum gas seems to be. Much more expensive over time as well as more harmful to the planet and enviroment. While solar energy seems to be much more cost efficient over time with just a few disadvantages as well as minimul health concerns. You have studied and researched different forms of renewable and nonrenewable resources. Based on your research and or the information you have leaned in lesson 3.05 and 3.06, what recommendations would you make to local officials regarding the types of resources that could be used to generate electricity? I would tell them that solar energy is a much healthier and less cost effective over time resource.

Surgical Site Infection in Post-Op Patients Research Paper

Surgical Site Infection in Post-Op Patients - Research Paper Example Its impact on mortality, morbidity, and cost of health care has resulted in its identification as a top nationwide priority in the healthcare sector. The majority of surgical site infections are unnecessary and preventable to a large extent. They account for forty percent of all the infections acquired in hospitals. On top of that, they contribute to a longer recovery, further threat of other complications, additional pain, and even death in extreme cases. Research conducted has also revealed that surgical patients who develop complications from the surgical site infections are twice likely to die compared to those not infected (Dellinger, Hausmann & Bratzler, 2005). Furthermore, they have sixty percent more chance to be admitted in ICU, the hospital stay becomes longer, and lastly the readmission rate increase as six times more compared to those patients without infections (Griffin, 2005). These factors have demonstrated the need for interventions to prevent surgical site infections from affecting surgical patients. Several interventions are put in place by various groups to reduce surgical site infection rates and mortality of patients. These groups comprise the National Quality Forum, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. They have collectively recommended the use of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections. The SSI avoidance through prophylactic antibiotic use consists of three core elements. These elements are appropriate selection, first dose timing, and discontinuation of the dose postoperatively. Selecting an appropriate antibiotic to prevent an infection is extremely beneficial. The antibiotic selected should be one that can effectively work against the microorganism likely to cause surgical site infection (Kurtz, 2011). The antibiotic selection varies depending on the kind of surgery. Physician and clinical experts from various health bodies, boards, an d groups have developed guiding principles for appropriate antibiotic selection (Surgical Infection Prevention Guidelines Writers Work group 2004). From the proposed strategies, hospitals are anticipated to create inter-department protocols based on local consensus and formulary of the practitioners. The protocols are the guidelines that direct the medical staff on what to do in cases of emergencies. In this scenario, they assist in ensuring that the most appropriate antibiotic is chosen since they can be prepared beforehand and performed by the nursing and pharmacy personnel. In this situation, the need to note down a unique antibiotic order for every surgical patient is reduced. Furthermore, the unique regimen may contain an error or some portion of it may be inadvertently omitted (Griffin, 2005). The protocols are therefore developed with the assistance of local experts, the physicians, and surgeons handling the infectious disease at the hospital. The protocols contain clear guid elines to direct the staff on recommended substitutes in case allergic reactions occur, or the criterion as to when a doctor should be notified for a different antibiotic order. The antibiotic protocols should be reviewed, renewed, and updated annually basing the changes on the accessibility of medicines and amendment in guidelines nationwide. The timing of the antibiotic administration is another fundamental aspect in preventing surgical site inf

Answer the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Answer the question - Essay Example Synergy creation is one of the advantages associated with organizational collaborations. Collaborations create a pool of resources and expertise, resulting in greater organizational accomplishments. Some of the accomplishments realized within collaboration grounds would not be realized in a single unit operation basis. Access to sources of finance is also diversified. Every organization brings on board its financial strategies, allowing firms to choose the most favorable, efficient and effective source of funding for their operations (Daft & Daft 299). Improved capacity to overcome operational obstacles cannot go unnoticed. One organization is highly likely to be in a position to address obstacles that befall the partner(s). Raising awareness on the operations and business lines of the organizations is enhanced through collaborative efforts. The collaborating organizations have established themselves to the community they serve, meaning that the collaborative role further exacerbates this pursuit in the community. The community is served with vast information that relates to the underlying collaboration undertakings. Over and above this fact, product, service and resource use can hardly be duplicated in collaborative roles context. Optimality at every aspect of organizational functionality is

Reconstruction after the American Civil War Article

Reconstruction after the American Civil War - Article Example After the bloody American civil war, the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendment articles were guarded in the U.S constitution and aimed to offer all Americans an equal opportunity in society. During this period, African Americans were permitted to vote, look for their own employment, utilize public facilities, get the lands of former owners, and actively engage in politics. However, some people opposed these move and rallied against the freedmen. Despite the opposition, aggressive and rapid amendments were made to the constitution which laid a strong foundation for the most aggressive and radical stage of the reconstruction process. The success of reconstruction was evident by 1870 in that former slaves attained equal rights like other people in society. For instance, they were in a position to get an education and vote. It is significant to note that during the era of reconstruction, most Southern States created public education for its residents but financing was variable (Foner, 2012). The efforts of reconstruction were rolled back in 1873 until 1877 when the conservative white gained power or authority via the former Confederacy. For instance, President Hayes removed federal troops, which led to the collapse of the three Republican governments. Via the implementation of racial policies known as the Jim Crow, the conservative whites introduced racial biases and segregation, which remained in the South until the late 1960s. Initially, Republicans agreed that slavery, all acts related to slavery had to be destroyed, and the structure of Confederate nationalism had to be abandoned and suppressed. It is also important to note that white men who were in power abandoned succession and slavery but regained the issue of white supremacy (Foner, 2012). During reconstruction period, new spending on infrastructure, schools in addition to corrupted spending, and the failure of the state credit because of unreasonable spending, made the southern states to raise t ax on property. These measures were wasteful as the money meant for social amenities such as schools and development of infrastructure was embezzled. Historians provide distinct reasons as the efforts of reconstruction after the bloody civil war failed. Despite the fact that reconstruction reestablished the economy of the South, it failed. Although slavery practices in the U.S ended, sharecropping was a brutal sequence almost as awful. This is because the freed people would participate into this and barely get anything to survive. Another reason as to why reconstruction failed in the U.S is that the ability of the South to go back to previous or initial animosity or hatred with the African Americans or black tenets and the Jim Crow policies. These policies discriminated against freed slaves and made them inferior and unequal with other people in society. Groups that carried out racism could get away with heinous acts such as murder and it would not be seen as something bad with no c onsequences. For instance, the KKK was not punished for their crimes (Foner, 2012). In addition, Historians argue that the objection of the efforts of reconstruction by various factions led those who desired to continue it either give up their efforts or become discouraged to be in a position to continue.

Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Coffee - Essay Example The finest coffee in the world that is grown in shade instead of sunlight is found in India. The number of coffee-growers in India is around 250,000, and 98 per cent of them grow it on a small scale. White flowers appear on the coffee plants and have an average life of three days before maturing into seeds. The duration between the fruit’s blooming and maturing stages varies from one region to another and from type to type. This duration for Arabica is around seven months whereas it is almost nine months for Robusta. The coffee plant needs around 90 per cent humidity and 70 degrees Fahrenheit of temperature to grow (Smestad, 2012). Coffee plants may catch fungus if not treated for it. There are two basic methods of processing coffee; the dry processing method and the wet processing method. In the former, coffee beans are dried in the sun whereas in the latter, they are fomented and washed. The power of coffee as a commodity is immense. â€Å"Coffee began as an export commodity in Yemen before 1500† (Topik and Samper, n.d., p. 6). Today, coffee is one of the most traded products around the world and is the largest food item imported by the US. The coffee commodity chain comprises producers, workers, exporting agencies, importing countries, roasters, and shops. This is how they reach the consumers. A lot of developing countries depend upon coffee as the prime export item. â€Å"Some 20 million families in 50 countries now work directly in the cultivation of coffee; an estimated 11 million hectares of the world’s farmland are dedicated to coffee cultivation† (Coffee News, 2008). Developing countries are the main exporters of coffee. Coffee is chiefly exported by Brazil and India. While the consumers of coffee are largely spread all across the world, the US is the biggest consumer of coffee in the world. Brazil, Colombia, and Vietnam make more than 50 per cent of the total amount of coffee in

Choose Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choose - Annotated Bibliography Example African Americans have always suffered according to the book Gates, Henry L. Life Upon These Shores: Looking at African American History, 1513-2008. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. Print. It illustrates some of the troubles they encountered as slaves and soldiers in the 1800s. these issues are also seen in The Revolution as majority of the colored soldiers are not allowed to hold special weapons as they are not qualified and they are black. They are not given the opportunity to escape from the war as their fellow soldiers kill them. Both the movie and the book explain this. The Revolution also indicates that slaves were sometimes confused on the people they supported. This is further explained by the book Smith, Gene A. The Slaves Gamble: Choosing Sides in the War of 1812. , 2013. Print. They were sometimes offered freedom by their enemies or even enticed by money and property. The movie indicates that some of the slaves took the offer only to realize that it was all lies. They found themselves being treated as slaves or even sold as prisoners of war to their previous owners. Smith also indicates that some of the African American who fought in the war of 1812 did not receive compensation or rewards for their participation in the war. Wilson, Joseph T, and Dudley T. Cornish. The Black Phalanx: African American Soldiers in the War of Independence, the War of 1812, and the Civil War. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994. Print, shows that the participation of the African Americans in the war changed a lot of things. For instance, both the movie and the book indicate that the whites started to view them differently. They started to treat them as their fellow human beings and not slaves. There are others who were viewed as brothers to the soldiers. This is seen in the movie as one of the soldiers share a meal with one of the slaves.

Is there a 'universal human right to health' Assignment

Is there a 'universal human right to health' - Assignment Example Right to health refers to the economic, cultural and social right to the highest achievable standard of health. Right to health is under recognition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Convention on Rights of people with disabilities, and the social and cultural rights.1 Universality of Human Rights Universality principle of human rights acts as the foundation for the law on international human rights. This principle was emphasized for the first time in 1948 in Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and it has been reiterated during various conventions, resolutions and declarations on human rights. For instance, during the Vienna conference in 1993, there were highlights on the duty of the state in promoting and protecting all the fundamental freedoms and human rights regardless of the differences in cultural, economic and political systems.1 Every state has ratified multiple treaties on human rights reflecting the consent of the states that create the legal obligations as well as giving some concrete expression to the universality. Some norms of the fundamental human rights enjoy the universal protection by international customary law across all civilizations and boundaries. Universality of human rights entails any right2 applicable to all people, and it is influenced by other characteristics of human rights. The rights tend to be categorical, egalitarian, individual, fundamental and indivisible. Human Right to Health Good health is considered as the most essential and basic asset of every human being. Right to health is a fundamental part of the human rights. Internationally, the constitution on World Health Organization has articulated the right to health. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 mentioned that health is fundamental towards adequate living. In 1966, the international Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights recognized right to health as a human right. Since then, various international treaties on human rights have recognized right to health. Right to health is fundamental in every state. States should be committed in protecting the right to health through domestic policies and legislation, and international declarations and conferences.2 There has been  an emphasis on the highest attainable health standards through treaty monitoring bodies and human rights commission. Normally, right to health is an exclusive right. It is associated with access to and building of health facilities. Right to health has freedom like freedom from non-consensual medical treatment. Also, right to health contains entitlements like provision of equal opportunity for every person to enjoy right to health, and the right to treatment, control and prevention of diseases.2 Human rights are interrelated, indivisible and interdependent. A violation of the right to health impairs enjoyment of the other rights. Right to Health in International Law on Human Rights Right to the highest standard of health is a component of hu man right recognised in the international law on human right. International covenant on social, economic and cultural rights acts as a major instrument in protection of right to health by recognising the right to the enjoyment of mental and physical health. Right to health is recognized in various regional instruments such as African Charter on

Reflection and Journal Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection and Journal Article Review - Essay Example Although one could appreciate the wonders and benefits these technological gadgets could accord the aged, the applicability of these technology solutions are mostly availed only in developed countries. These unique products are not globally accessed due to the prohibitive costs and the diversity in health care provided to the elderly according to cultural orientations. I was made aware of the crucial importance relegated by the older population in terms of maintaining independence despite their age. The statement that reveals that â€Å"seniors fear moving into a nursing home and losing their independence more than death† is astounding. The various products thought to provide the aged with independence is perceived as a way to replace a loved one or a family member who is supposed to provide the needed care. In eastern culture, older people are not sent to nursing homes but are retained in the nuclear household with a family member to attend to their holistic needs. The reason , apart from economic, is the cultural value for extended family ties and filial piety. The practice stems from Confucianism and has been defined as including â€Å"the responsibility of each person to respect their parents, obey them, take care of them as they age, advise parents, and of course to love them. Loving one’s parents and offering them respect is the spring from which other forms of filial piety flows. A relationship with parents must be centered on love and respect† (Conjecture, 2011, par. 2). Therefore, technology is not openly embraced to replace the love and care that would be accorded by family members in times of need of the elderly family member. Further, the issues that were presented as a consequence of greater reliance to technology, particularly the fact the seniors are always apprehensive to use or try out new products and systems, should be addressed. Otherwise, these unique products would be deemed useless if the target market, for which they are supposed to protect, secure and maintain in safe and in good health condition, would be compromised by inefficient and unsupportively erroneous application. The essence is the use of technology should not replace the delivery of health care services that only committed people could provide. Article Review from Peer Reviewed Journal Summary The article entitled written by Dr. Ronald Klatz and published in the Generations, Journal of the American Society on Aging in 2002 presented issues of discovering anti-aging medicine in response to the projected continued increase of the aging population. The author presented the official definition of anti-aging medicine as â€Å"a medical specialty founded on the application of advanced scientific and medical technologies for the early detection, prevention, treatment, and reversal of age-related dysfunction, disorders, and diseases† (Klatz, 2002, 1). The continued research on this field of endeavor was revealed to encompass five key areas, to wit: genetic engineering, cloning, nanotechnology, artificial organs, and nerve impulse continuity (Klatz, 2002, 2). The benefits are revealed to be pronounced and consistent with modern health care issues.\ Critique The article presents another technological breakthrough aimed to focus not only on according longevity in life span, but also in improving the quality of the elders’ lives. There were initial apprehensions on supporting this kind of medical and technological breakthrough in terms of determining the repercussions to health care in general. But as trends in the aging populat

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Project Management - Assignment Example Department managers will directly report to the project manager. Hence, with reduced hierarchy the project will efficiently with no delays and increased cost due to extra reporting levels (Ingason and JÃ ³nasson, 59-69). The project manager directs all the activities and task for the overall project, acting as information central point for the subcontractors. After getting all the information of the project’s direction and tasks assistant manager divided the task and responsibilities among the functional managers. Assistant project manager works as chairman of steering committee and interacts with both functional managers and contractors. The functional managers receive the guidelines and task responsibilities from assistant manager. In actual the role of contract officer is to serve as a central point for all the cost and information of the contract. The military type manger has some special skills that differentiate its personality from other mangers. The military manager focuses on these factors: insist on clear communication and alignment, produce high performing teams, relaxed in continuously changing environments and hire the replacement and alternatives. If the hierarchy adapted military kind of approach then it would boost the competence of collaboration among the employees, it would give more effective and efficient tem work results and it would make the attitude of managers adjustable in the changing environment (Forbes). The division of work among many authorities increases the efficiency and accuracy of decision making. And with the involvement of two higher mangers makes the evaluation and monitoring activities better in results (Atkinson, 337-342). This hierarchy is difficult to implement in any industry because of its limitations regarding the delegation of authorities and responsibilities among the employees and

Indus Motors Political Effect on Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Indus Motors Political Effect on Pakistan Essay Political Effects The government today has a key influence in the organizations, who are working in the country in order to gain maximum profit out of minimum cost, because of that government make new policies against the auto industries in Pakistan Toyota Indus motors is the factor affecting the auto industry in Pakistan .The Indus motors company’s plant is the only manufacturing site in the world where both Toyota and Daihatsu brands are being manufactured. Production of Toyota corolla vehicles in august plunged to 2,627 units from 2,914 units in July 2012. however, sales in august improved to 2,800 from 2,464 units in July 2012. There are some political points which are affecting the company.  ·Import duty  ·Banned CNG kits  ·Law and order Import duty: Every overseas Pakistani, subject to Fulfillment of eligible conditions as laid down in the import trade and procedure order 2000 can import a vehicle from abroad. The import policy often revised from time to time usually from after every financial year. The government has announced the import duty on auto industries with the rate of 100% tax. Banned CNG kits : ECC (economic coordination comity) approved the ban on import of CNG cylinders and conversation kits in the wake of current gas shortage in the country. The installation of new CNG kits in vehicles will also be banned, which affects the company’s sale figures resulting in decreasing of auto sales in Pakistan for certain time because of the Pakistani consumer’s interest in CNG, after some time of banishment of the CNG consumers started to convert their perception against CNG and started to purchase the new vehicles without CNG kit in it.

Impact of Gst on Fmcg Sector Essay Example for Free

Impact of Gst on Fmcg Sector Essay Initially envisaged to be in place by April 1, 2010 the GST would result in a major rationalization and simplification of the consumption tax structure at both the centre and state levels by replacing all central and state level indirect taxes such as value added tax (VAT), excise duty, service tax, entertainment tax among others bring relief to the common man. GST: An Executive Summary GST is the most ambitious indirect tax reform in India ever attempted and aims to create one â€Å"borderless domestic market†. It will tax consumption as against â€Å"production† which is the current norm. A uniform rate will be imposed on a product only once, at the point of its supply, thus reducing the cost for consumers. Key benefits: If GST is implemented without many exemptions and with a single rate, the following benefits will accrue: * Macro: Successful pan-India implementation will add 1-1. 7 % to the GDP and boost the tax/GDP ratio. * Micro: Incidence of tax will come down in case of manufactured goods. However, in case of services the incidence and coverage of tax may rise resulting in higher prices. Industry: Volume growth will accrue as incidence of taxation is minimized. Also, supply chain efficiencies will accrue as there will be no need for multiple depots and warehouses. Driven by growing consumption in rural and semi-urban areas, the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) market is expected to double from $14. 7 billion in 2008-09 to $30 billion in 2012, according to a study titled â€Å"Prospects in the FMCG sector†, released by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham). The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a market size in excess of $14. 7 billion. A well-established distribution network, intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments characterize the sector. GST is a tax on consumption, and since FMCGs form the core of the consumption basket, the sector would be watch closely on the heels of its implementation. The sector is bound to witness many gainers and closers, depending crucially on the base and rates of the GST. Currently both centre and state tax rates vary- central value added tax (CENVAT) duty varies from 0-14 % (reduced to 8% under the fiscal stimulus package) and the state VAT varies between 0% and 12. 5%. Indications are that the combined centre and state GST on FMCGs could range between 12% and 14%, if applied at a single rate. At this rate, the total burden on FMCG’s should remain approximately the same as under the current structure. However, it would lead to simplication in the tax structure and would mitigate the disputes relating to classification of goods into various tax rate categories and determination of factory price for application of CENVAT. However, if food and other basic necessities were to be exempted or made taxable at a lower rate, then the standard rate for other goods and services could be pushed up to 18% or more. This could lead to disputes on classification of goods to the two rate categories. Leaving aside the issue of rates, many benefits are to be realized with respect to simplification of the supply chain which are summarized thus: Impact of GST on the FMCG Supply Chain: The introduction of GST is expected to build best-in-class capability in supply chain as well as people capability and enhance India’s cost leadership position by eliminating inefficiencies in supply chain and taxation: * Multiple Route-to-market models: Upto 35% reduction possible in time-to-market. Simplification of Supply Chain: With the elimination of central sales tax, manufacturers could implement a centralized warehousing and distribution centre and need not set up distribution depots in individual states and make inter-state sales via consignment agents. * Elimination of Tax Cascading: Currently, FMCG dealers cannot claim a credit for the service tax paid on their inputs. Restrictions also apply on claimin g credits for VAT on inputs other than goods for resale. Reduction in Inventory Costs: Currently, the CENVAT is included in inventory costs, because of which the dealers costs increase. Under the new structure, the GST paid on inventory would be fully recoverable as input tax credit, reducing the inventory financing costs. * Cash Flow benefit from tax: The dealers would be collecting GST from their customers as they make sales, but would be required to remit it to the government only at the end of the month or the quarter, when they file their returns. This extra cash float would be like a recurring interest-free loan from the government each quarter. These benefits would be then passed on to the customer in the form of Potential Price Reduction which are depicted below: ( Under two scenarios of 14% and 16% Excise Duty) Direct Impact on Logistics with trickle down benefits for FMCG: The cost of logistics in India is about 13% of the GDP, among the highest in the world. This higher logistics spend in India is attributed to the inefficiencies in the system which are expected to be done away with the new taxation regime. The previous regime has resulted in an unorganized and fragmented warehousing industry necessitating streamline of the logistics industry processes. The GST would impact the Logistics sector as under: * Consolidation outsourcing in warehousing: Achievable due to inherent advantages of low fixed costs, low employment of manpower and administrative effort. * Reduction in number of Distribution Centres (DC’s): Post GST, state specific distribution centres are expected to change to regional DCs. The outcome of this would be fewer DCs of larger size, more value inventory and a higher number of trasactions. Improvement in Quality of Services: Costs savings can be used to improve the quality of services and the usage of larger line haul vehicles, larger loads and cross docking. * Alleviation of complexities in documentation and inter State barriers: Through a uniform and seamless application of CGST SGST irrecoverable taxes such as Central Sales Tax (CST), complex documentation of inter State movement of goods, entry barriers at state borders resulting in long transportation times and imposition of local levies such as entry taxes and octroi upon physical entry of goods into designated areas can be done away with. Analysis: In order to satisfy the set of customer needs through its products and services, the firms operating in the FMCG space need to achieve a consistency between their Business Strategy, Product Development Strategy, Marketing Sales Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy. As identified earlier, the supply chain strategy which revolves around Operations, Distribution and Service is geared towards cost leadership by the implementation of GST, all while improving quality of service. In the FMCG sector, there is a need for an efficient supply chain as consumer goods typically depict predictable demand, explaining their low margins. GST helps us achieve thus by alleviating complexities inherent in the existing tax system. Facility Network Design Considerations: Increase in the number of facilities increase costs associated with inventory, setting up of additional facilities and transportation. As discussed earlier, the elimination of the Central Sales Tax can help the industry work towards consolidation of warehouses and distribution centres, reducing the number of facilities and thereby the overall logistics costs. Same has a direct impact on response time, and the savings realized by facility reduction along with the multiple route-to-market models that have opened up, could lead to a 35% reduction in time-to-market. Recommendations: Based on the secondary data collected, and the subsequent analysis of the FMCG sector the following recommendations have been tabulated for the benefit of the policy makers: * Extended date of implementation: Setting of the deadline as October, 2010 as opposed to April 1, 2010 would help the Centre solve any and all disputes related to its implementation with the States leading to a flawless roll-out. Removal of classification between goods and services: To ensure there are no classification disputes, leading to more complications and delays. * Removal of existing area based exemptions: the existing area based exemptions in respect of CENVAT should be discontinued and if need be a direct investment linked cash subsidy may be provided to support the industry, for b alanced regional development. The idea is to not break the GST chain with regard to both CGST SGST. Some of the options around re-engineering the supply chain would relate to decisions on indigenous supplies vis-a-vis imports; Intra-State vis-a-vis Inter-State procurement manufacturing service/warehousing stocking locations, in-house v/s contract manufacturing, direct sales v/s stock transfers etc.

Advantages Of Advertising On Television Marketing Essay

Advantages Of Advertising On Television Marketing Essay Floomajuice will be marketed in Scotland as Scottish people spend a lot on juices. As Floomajuice being very tasty and is also nutritious, has less calories as its not made from concentrate. Floomajuice range of drinks also helps people in controlling cholesterol and reduces the risk of cancer. Our product is aimed to reach all age group targeted audiences, primarily focusing on the health and taste conscious people of Scotland. Circulation Floomajuice will be distributed at all local stores and supermarkets throughout Scotland, this will help our company to have better sales of our product. Marketing and Strategic Alliances Floomajuice will not leave any stone unturned in the effect of reaching the targeted audience. We will promote the product using strategic combination of electronic media, print media and outdoor media. we will use television commercials over the news, health and entertainment channels. We will place ads in magazines i.e. Good house Keeping, Sky Magazine, Sky Sports, BBC Top Gear, Readers Digest and Mens Health and news papers like Sun, Metro, Guardian etc.. we will also put ads in Sunday special edition news papers which will help us to reach large number of audiences. We will use social media like Tweeter, Face book for promoting our Floomajuice product. We will use outdoor advertising like billboards, which will have the attention of the audience. We will also put promotional outlets near major supermarkets and offer free sampling of the Floomajuice products. 2A. An important step to promote marketing and sales of Floomajuice range of products is to select appropriate media.. Below are the benefits and drawbacks of using various media for advertising Floomajuice as follows: Newspapers Newspapers are the most traditional ways of promoting business and awareness among the targeted audience. The advantages of Newspapers are Newspapers allow us to reach large number of people as everyone likes to read newspaper. We will have the flexibility in deciding the size of placing the ad in the newspaper. We will have the advantage of telling the customers about our product by using large space in the newspaper. Quick turn-around helps our ad reflect the changing market conditions. We can decide to run our ad today can be in customers hands in a day or two. Exposure to our ad is not limited. Customers can go back to see our ad again and again if they want to. Disadvantages Publishing ad space can be expensive depending on the day we decide to publish. Our ad has to compete against the clutter of other competitors of advertising. Poor photo reproduction can limit the creativity of our ad in the newspaper. Newspapers are highly visible medium and our competitors can quickly react and publish a better ad in order to compete with our ad Magazines Magazines are more focused, more expensive and are alternative to newspaper advertising. This medium of advertising helps our company to reach highly targeted audiences. Advantages of using magazines as medium of advertising are It allows our company to have better targeting of audience as we have the option to choose magazine publications that cater our specific audience. High reader involvement in magazines which means that more attention is given for our advertisement. Publishing ad in magazine provides better quality of paper, better reproduction and full color ads. Which will help our company to know that there is a better product out in the market for audiences. Disadvantages We need to plan weeks in advance to publish the ad in magazines as they are more competitive and most often booked in months advance. Publishing ad in magazine has limited flexibility in terms of placement and format. Buying space in magazine to place ad is higher compared to placing ad in newspaper. Radio Advertising in radio is an universal medium enjoyed by people at one time or another during the day. It might me at work, home or even while traveling in bus or car. Advantages of using radio as medium of advertising Advertising in radio helps us to promote our product to everyone in Scotland. People tend to respond to the ad as the medium has sounds and voices. Advertising in radio is relatively cheaper. Radios have less inflation than those of other media. Disadvantages As radio listeners are spread over many stations, we have to advertise simultaneously on radio several channels to reach our targeted audiences. Listeners cannot go back and listen to the ad once they miss in that particular time when the ad is aired. Radio is a background medium and most listeners listen to radio while they are doing some or the other work, which means that our ad has to go on air more number of times in a day. Television Advertising on television gives us the opportunity to reach large number of people through out the nation in a short period of time Advantages of advertising on television Advertising on television helps to promote our Floomajuice more efficiently as it is based on image and visual medium and offers the ability to convey our message with sight, sound and motion. Television channels like Channel4, e4+1, ITV etc are watched by most of the audience. Hence advertising on these channels will promote Floomajuice. Disadvantages Advertising about our product on television is short and may require to place the ad multiple times in the desired channels. Advertising on television channels is concentrated in local broadcasts channels and station breaks which people might ignore them. Advertising in Commercial breaks are often sold out far in advance. Advertising on television is the most expensive medium in terms of airtime, creative and production of the ad Social Media Advertising Web has revolutionized the way we communicate over the last two decades and now with the proliferation of social media, it has revolutionized the way we socialize with others. Sharing videos, photos, opinions and sometimes advertising what they love. Since all this interaction takes place through the networking site and we know a lot of information about the user, there is a huge potential for us to customize and promote Floomajuice product line. Advantages Lots of people spend a lot of time on social media, and this provides for a great way to build relationships with our clients and personalize our promotional efforts. If targeted at the right audience with the right promotion, it can have cascading effect if customers share our ad/offer with others. We can generate awareness about our product indirectly through our own social media profile and encouraging users to add/like us. It is relatively cheap and highly personalizable to advertise on social media. Disadvantages Some social network users dont pay too much attention to advertising and maybe be turned off in a negative way For small businesses, it may be difficult to leverage social media to create awareness about their products as it is hard to gain the initial momentum It is important to portray a humane side of the company by creating awareness and teach the importance of juices, rather than directly trying to sell a particular product Banner Advertising Banner advertising is the oldest form of online advertisement. Some forms of banner advertisements include vertical ads and top level banners. Sometimes it can also include popups and so on. Costs for banner advertising can be click based or based on banner location on the website and also varies with number of visitors to the website. Advantages A lot of advertising agencies are offering competitive pricing for Banner advertising which resulted in a downward pressure on costs making this medium cheap and effective. Proper location and well-designed banner ads on prominent websites can result in high traffic rates to our product. Effectiveness of these ads can easily be measure and fine-tuned on a regular basis as all the information about which banner ad was clicked and which website was the ad on are easily available. We can also focus our banner ads on websites most frequented by our targeted customers resulting in better ROI. Disadvantages Ill placed or too flashy banner ads are sometimes seen as annoyance and can create negative impression on the brand. If banner ads are placed in popups or new windows, there is a likelihood that ad blockers may completely block them Due to over-saturation of ads and poor designs of banner ads, the convert rates are very low even if click through rates are high. 3A. Target Market Primary ADULTS: Between 25 to 50 years old age  ­ Professionals and parents Becoming more concern about their heath Preferred organic juices Chosen rich nutrition than better taste Concern about price and quality Secondary YOUTH: Between 14 to 25 years old age. Likes to drink cool stuff Preference depended on fashion Drink for style Purchase cheep drink Easily influence by TV, magazine and online advertisement Strategy Promotion: Start brand and product awareness program by using TV, radio commercials, news paper, magazine and web promotional ads in Scotland beginning of May 2013 to the end of November 2013 Product: Product range from 200ml,500ml, 1 liter and 3.5 liter Distribution: We will be using supermarkets and retail stores as our distribution channels. Promotional Strategy Promotion Free Floomajuice offer in major supermarkets in Glasgow, Edinburg, Sterling, Dundee, Perth, Aberdeen and selected stores on June 2013. Free Floomajuice t-shirts will be distributed if customers purchase the product in selected stores. This promotion is only happens on June 2013. Public relation Publicized the heath facts of natural fruit juice. Associate these facts with Floomajuice to create its image as heath and relate to longer life. Consumer health stories related to Floomajuice might be a good idea to arouse interest in others. EX: Consumer reduces cholesterol by drinking Natural pure Juice. New interactive web site and discussion board will be designed. Advertising Goal: To highlight the health fact of Natural Floomajuice. Persuade: Drink Floomajuice continuously to derive benefits of natural goodness. Remind: Make consumers think and get used to the Floomajuice product. Floomajuice will produce Natural juice at a more reasonable price than other artificial juice products. Lower budget customer cannot purchase natural juice because of the high price strategy. There is no company in the market at the moment that competes with Floomajuice products which are natural and free from artificial chrematistics. Our aim is to make customers switch over to Floomajuice and attract new market as well. Reasonable pricing will change the market share on Floomajuice. Floomajuice will take over major part of the market share. Floomajuice will offer combination of the best quality and the best service. Price strategy is based on customer value. Advertising: Floomajuice will be the first pure natural fruit juice going to be introduced in Scotland. Most of the consumers dont know about how it tastes and what are the health effects of this juice are. Sales Promotion In store sampling program: Sampling price strategy Public Relation Stories about Floomajuice  ­ New health benefits and research findings Development of new Floomajuice website will include discussion board and interactive futures. Direct Marketing Television, Radio, newspapers and magazines will be use to advertise Floomajuice in Scotland. Heath benefit of the drinking Floomajuice will be the main focus of the advertisement. Feedback from customers Conducting focus group to analyze the Floomajuice for future product development. 4A. Market and External environmental factors People in Scotland spend more on fruits and vegetables, this tells us that people are more health conscious. so our product can derive benefit for this in Scottish market. Social and cultural factors Scotland has a multi ­cultural society so it has different types of consumer with respect to their religion and eating habits. But these days consumers are more conscious about their health. This is because of education and awareness everywhere. Consumers demands for foods, fruits and juices which are more nutritive and provide health benefits. The people belong to different category of classes i.e. upper class, middle class and low class but everyone is sensible about his or her health. So consumer may belong to any of the above ­mentioned classes, his maximum expenditure is on fruits and vegetables. Technical Factors Technology is changing day by day. Due to advancement in technology healthy and nutritive juice can be extracted from different fruits. Attractive packing and labeling also plays a vital role in product promotion, the technology for which is easily available. Legal Factors Political forces are more concerned about the peoples health. It has passed a Food and Drugs act under which it has clearly defined it terms and conditions which are more focused on health and nutrition. But now government has been changed recently. It may make some changes in the Act, but the changes will definitely be in favor of consumers health. Needs of different target segments are as follows Health Consumers have become increasingly health conscious creating a demand for healthier products. They are aware of the fact that soft drinks do not provide essential nutrients, this causes them to choose fruit juice or water as beverage alternatives. Convenience Customers demand proper packaging for separate activities. They address this situation by creating the same products in different packaging. For example, some juices are sold in larger bottles for home and also lunch size boxes. Taste Taste is essential for all consumers as it is among one of the important reasons why they purchase the product. Age Appropriate Youth is one of the major segments for beverage consumption in Scotland. Adults would also be our major target audience as they are very health conscious and with all the benefits that Floomajuice has in it and sure would be a successful product in Scotland. SWOT Analysis Strengths Floomajuice range of products are made of fresh fruit juice and not for concentrate. Floomajuice is high on minerals and energetic. Floomajuice is priced reasonable and has attractive packaging. Our product is health conscious and anti-oxidant. Weaknesses New brand product in market. Not easy for customers to switch from their regular brand of juice. Opportunities Floomajuice brand can become major competitor in the market. Threats Competitors would introduce same kind of products in to market. MARKETING STRATEGIES HEALTY CONSCIOUS: Between 14 to 60 years old ageà Ã‚ ¾ Health professionals and people who are conscious or want to improve their health. Find solution for health problem Heart, cancer, hardening of the arteries and related diseases Influence by the fact and scientific research Want to live longer Dont care about price Concern quality minerals Brand image is important 5A. Marketing Implementation Schedule Media May 2013 June 2013 July 2013 Aug 2013 Sept 2013 Oct 2013 Paper X X X X X X TV X X X X X X Radio X X X X Web X X X X X X Free Sampling X Promotion Timing Chart Media Rate Number Total Cost May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct News Paper and Magazine ads Metro News Paper X X X X X X Sun News Paper X X X X X X Guardian News Paper X X X X X X Weightwatchers Magazine X X X Womens Health X X X BBC Good Food X X X Mens Health X X X Slimming World Magazine X X X TV commercials Heath programs X X X News X X X Radio Capital FM Scotland X X X X X X Absolute Radio X X X X X X Sooth Radio UK X X X X X X Billboards Subway X X X X X X Shopping Malls X X X Bus Stations X X X Free Sampling Sainsbury Supermarkets X Morrison Supermarkets X ASDA Supermarkets X Web MSN X X X X X X Google X X X X X X Face book X X X X X X Tweeter X X X X X X

Joy of Cooking :: essays papers

Joy of Cooking A creative interest I have is cooking with pastries, seafood and poultry. Preparing food can be fun. All I need is just a little imagination and time. Pastries are dessert that are severed for special occasions and after a meal. Pastries are special due to the fact each one tastes and looks different. The creative format comes from the chef. Since I am the one who cooks in my house, I must prepare each dish tasteful and attractive. For example, I was thinking of a creative cake for my daughters&rsquo birthday. I decide to make her a choo choo train cake. The way I want to present this dish is by making it look like a toy train with zoo animals standing near by. The idea of this dish is to make the train look similar to the candy house in the story, "Hansel and Gretel". The first step was to add food coloring to the icing. She was excited. "Mommy, can I mix the colors?" Next, I decorated the cake board with grated coconut. I add green food coloring to the grated coconut. Jessica said, " Mommy, that looks like grass." Then, I decorated the carts of the train with different color icing. For example, I placed green, blue, and red icing on each of the carts. When I finished decorating the carts, I placed them on the black licorice train tracks. When I was finished with placing the carts on the track, Jessica and I arranged assorted candy all over the train. Another creative idea I had was to cook with the children in after school care at William Lehman Elementary. For example, I had decided to make an orange shake with them to celebrate Halloween. The first step I created, was to add orange sherbet ice cream. Next, I add cream soda to the float. When I was finished the shake, I placed one chocolate chip cookie inside of the float. Cooking creativy with seafood is another outstanding process. When cooking shrimp, I must prepare each shrimp to the procedure I want. For example, when preparing Chinese Fried Rice, I cook every item separately. For instance, this dish requires shrimp. This dish I peel each shrimp. Then I season the shrimp with soy sauce. Then, I stir fry them. When I cook this dish, I add everything in a bowl. Once the Chinese rice is cooked, I prepare the platter. For instance, I chop up green onions and place them around the Chinese Rice. Then I slice thin piece of oranges and locate then around the green onion.

Leashing Carnivore :: Argumentative persuasive Papers

Leashing Carnivore Just like a dog needs a leash, so does Carnivore. Carnivore is a software program that the FBI has developed to aid in the collection of evidence. After obtaining the proper court order, the FBI connects the Carnivore system to the subjects ISP. The system then scans and collects emails only relevant to the subject of the court order. The issue surrounding the Carnivore is rather or not the system enables to the FBI to violate personal privacy, and that the FBI cannot be trusted with such a system. Those opposed believe that Carnivore violates Fourth Amendment rights and that the FBI cannot be trusted not to abuse Carnivore. The FBI believes that Carnivore is well within the bounds of the law and that they can be trusted with Carnivore. I believe that the FBI should be able to use the Carnivore system, but only under strict guidelines and oversight. Some government control needs to exist on the Internet or else any one could get away with anything on the Internet. But at th e same time, the use of Carnivore needs to be controlled. The government definitely needs to have some control of the Internet. They need to have control in order to stop criminals from using the Internet. The FBI’s position on Carnivore is outlined in Donald M. Kerr’s congressional statement made before a Senate committee that was reviewing the FBI’s Carnivore system. In a congressional statement made by Donald Kerr who is the Assistant Director of the Laboratory Division for the FBI, Kerr explains terrorists, spies, hackers, and criminals used computers and the Internet with malicious intent. Another reason the FBI feels that they need Carnivore is to combat information warfare, fraud, and other various crimes on the Internet. I believe that Carnivore will help the FBI to prevent some of the crime on the Internet. There is no way for any government to completely prevent any crime on the Internet. I rather have some government control than a lawless Internet. At least this way, I would know who would be violati ng my privacy. Even though I believe that the FBI should be able to use Carnivore, I believe that there should be strict guidelines and oversight in the use of Carnivore. As it is right now, the only control over Carnivore that the public can trust is the integrity of the personnel who use it. Leashing Carnivore :: Argumentative persuasive Papers Leashing Carnivore Just like a dog needs a leash, so does Carnivore. Carnivore is a software program that the FBI has developed to aid in the collection of evidence. After obtaining the proper court order, the FBI connects the Carnivore system to the subjects ISP. The system then scans and collects emails only relevant to the subject of the court order. The issue surrounding the Carnivore is rather or not the system enables to the FBI to violate personal privacy, and that the FBI cannot be trusted with such a system. Those opposed believe that Carnivore violates Fourth Amendment rights and that the FBI cannot be trusted not to abuse Carnivore. The FBI believes that Carnivore is well within the bounds of the law and that they can be trusted with Carnivore. I believe that the FBI should be able to use the Carnivore system, but only under strict guidelines and oversight. Some government control needs to exist on the Internet or else any one could get away with anything on the Internet. But at th e same time, the use of Carnivore needs to be controlled. The government definitely needs to have some control of the Internet. They need to have control in order to stop criminals from using the Internet. The FBI’s position on Carnivore is outlined in Donald M. Kerr’s congressional statement made before a Senate committee that was reviewing the FBI’s Carnivore system. In a congressional statement made by Donald Kerr who is the Assistant Director of the Laboratory Division for the FBI, Kerr explains terrorists, spies, hackers, and criminals used computers and the Internet with malicious intent. Another reason the FBI feels that they need Carnivore is to combat information warfare, fraud, and other various crimes on the Internet. I believe that Carnivore will help the FBI to prevent some of the crime on the Internet. There is no way for any government to completely prevent any crime on the Internet. I rather have some government control than a lawless Internet. At least this way, I would know who would be violati ng my privacy. Even though I believe that the FBI should be able to use Carnivore, I believe that there should be strict guidelines and oversight in the use of Carnivore. As it is right now, the only control over Carnivore that the public can trust is the integrity of the personnel who use it.

Penguins :: essays research papers

Myopic little men in tuxedos, or highly efficient land/water animals? Recent research indicates there's more to penguins than meets the eye. If you've every wondered what it would be like to be able to see as clearly under water as you can on land, just ask the nearest penguin.Most aquatic animals are short-sighted on land. Most terrestrial animals (and that includes us) are far-sighted under water. But researchers have discovered that penguins can apparently see equally well in both environments, because of the unique structure of their eyes. Penguins have to be able to see well under water because their diet consists mainly of plankton, molluscs, crustaceans, and the inevitable fish. Through a special slowing-down of their heart rate they're able, like many other diving animals, to stay submerged long enough to search out and chase whatever catches their fancy. On dry land, it's a different story-or has been up to now. Waddling along on their flat little feet, eyes fixed intently on the ground, penguins appear myopic, inefficient and generally out of place. In fact the reverse is true. During a recent stay on the Falkland Islands, a Canadian researcher discovered that penguins are able to recognize individuals and navigate the rocky terrain on which they live quite well. Long of body and short of leg, they probably poke their heads forward as an aid to balance. And as for looking at the ground, they're merely-like us-keeping an eye on where they're going. The human eye is adapted for aerial vision, which is why scuba divers-or even you and I in the local swimming pool-must wear goggles or a face mask to re-introduce air in front of our eyes in order to see clearly. Among vertebrates in general, the bird eye is frequently described as the most efficient. Its superior quality, combined with the fact that a large number of birds-cormorants, pelicans, seagulls, even ducks, as well as penguins-get their food from water, obviously

Explain the role of effective communication Essay

A common form of communication is texting. This electronic form is used every day and can be used as a replacement for voice utilized conversation if the communicator is unable to speak. Another form of communication is drama. Drama is an expressive art and is often used as a way to allow people to express themselves emotionally in meaningful ways or to relay a message. Sign language is an important form of communication as it aids communication with individuals who are unable to hear or speak. It consists of the use of the hands forming different shapes, movements or symbols to represent a word or phrase and it becoming increasingly popular. In health and social care, effective communication is essential and significant as it ensures that workers are doing their jobs correctly and patients are in good care. This means that workers need to communicate with a wide range of people such as colleagues, professionals, workers from different agencies and patients. When communicating with colleagues, health and social worker need to make sure they are being polite and respectful as not only does this build a strong working relationship, but it is also a way of practicing how to speak to patients and others who use the services. Having a strong working relationship with colleagues ensures that health and social workers are able to listen effectively which is highly important as they will need to know and remember important information about their job and patients. It also helps to build trust as, like with patients, workers must try to keep and respect the confidentiality of others. People who work in professions often have ‘language communities’. A ‘language community’ is a professions individual form of communication that contains unique words and phrases that are particular to that profession. When health and social workers are communicating with people from different professions it is easy for them to misunderstand each other, there for it is important for the workers to listen carefully and check to ensure that they understood correctly to avoid and problems later on. Likewise, health and social workers also need to make sure that when they are communicating with patients and others who use the services that they are explaining themselves properly and not using their community language so the patients will understand. Also, when  communicating with professionals from different agencies, it is important for health and social workers to be aware that not everyone is from the same language community so it is necessary to take extra care and communicate in a way that everyone will understand. There are two types of interpersonal interaction; verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication most often refers to speech. People from different areas, backgrounds and professions often have different variations of speech depending on the words and phrases that they use; this is known as a ‘language community’. Although this brings people together, it can also shut them out and make people feel excluded. An example of this would be that health and social workers are all part of a language community however this could be a barrier to those who are not such as patients for example. In speech many people use their mother tongue or first language which is the language that they grew up knowing and speaking. However, some people are open to a second language that they may have learnt later on. Although this has its advantages, it is said that people who use their second language as opposed to those who use their first, cannot communicate their thoughts as effectively. Non-verbal communication can take many forms such as a person’s posture and body language, the gestures they use, their facial expressions and their ability to listen. Through non-verbal communication, people can often tell how others are feeling, for example happy, sad or even tense. A person’s body language can include their posture, proximity and movement which all send out messages. Sitting up straight can often mean a person is listening and they are attentive where as if a person was to slouch it would send out the message that they are bored or not paying attention. This is similar to other movements such as nodding your head. The way a person moves also conveys messages such as walking quickly may be recognised as stress or a lack of posture may mean a person is tired. The proximity between two people when they communicate also reveals information. If two people who are socially distant or do not have a close relationship are talking, they may stand further apart as to be polite and not get into each other space however if two people are very close they may feel they can close the distance and be a little more intimate.

Mass Media Essay

Without a incertitude heap media chat is a major(ip) source of baffle in the twenty- stolon light speed. commode media is not l singlesome(prenominal) to the highest degree in fermentation dissemi terra riotousa and entertainment notwithstanding it basin also be apply as a tool to deflection the allow for of the bulk. For those who will find this sticky to accept they need only to reveal the reach of the advertising agency as well as the impact of Hollywood films. magical spell of music the signifi finishce of piling media in the modern age is undeni equal in that location is less agreement when it comes to defining its original nature. provided the following discussion will help in judgment the intent of the matter when it comes to crowd media. This sens be achieved by providing an over contendw of the development of caboodle media from the nineteenth century up to the present. Media Giants from the 19th century onwards weed media did not dinero in the 20th century, but a century earlier. thither is evidence to stand up that even in the 19th century, Europeans were able to gauge the impact of mass media in society and therefore localizeors began to pour bullion into the production of books, pamphlets and separate written forms of discourse that chamberpot be sold to the public.While businessmen dabbling in mass media chat can be considered as media moguls there is no comparison when it comes to the resources, scope, and impact brought aroundwhat by media giants in the 20th century. In the 21st century another ascendent stir is happening to the media moguls. While they enjoyed encompassing-shouldered growth in the 20th century, it can also be express that their offend days argon gone. The new media moguls be finding it hard to fend the impact of globoseization as well as the rapid development of technology. With the use of the internet there is no prolonged a waiting period from librarians.There atomic number 18 books that can be ordered online and shipped straight to a far away place. solely more importantly breeding can be accessed for free. Media Capitals A media capital is a place where the art and science of mass media communicating is being keenly sight by media practitioners all over the globe. A few examples ar Hollywood, Chicago etcetera A media capital is also a geographic location where mass media conversation is broadcasted on a global scale. thereof the influence of media practitioners in this argona is really significant.While media capitals can stay paying for long periods of time the more kindle topic is regarding the emergence of new media capitals extraneous America and Europe. The emergence of China as a new economic baron can only be in full understood and appreciated if the Chinese slew are ready and willing to set up infrastructures that would help increase the capacity of the nation to handle rapid growth in the near future. But aside from the rhetor ic, it moldiness be pointed out that there are emerging markets, specially those in Hong Kong and India where creators of mass media content are generating cosmea all-inclusive praise.Ownership and Media Mass media is supposed to be a business that aims for objectivity. A phoner that is supposed to present selective information regarding certain events must be able to generate this information without bias and with lawfulnessfulness (Lendman, 2008). This is because mass media dialogue is about telling the truth and most importantly it is a form of public service (Beadouion, 2007). But the humankind of mass media communicating can be described as a Brobdingnagian undertaking requiring the financial muscle of a businessman.Since a businessman exists to make a profit this mindset will influence the way watchword is being delivered to the public. For type a media corporation can be financed by a hugely economic company accused of dumping cyanogenic wastes to major bodies of water in the area. If the said corporation is a major run in the said media corporation past it can be expected that the firm will attempt to reduce the prejudicious impact of the news program report. In some cases mass media corporations will no longer re of import objective c formerlyrning the case (Shah, 2009).This is the naturalism of present day mass media firms. Mass Media Determining the exact scope and terminus ad quem of mass media can be a toilsome undertaking. But the mere distinguish of the term, one can think of at least five major subgroups 1) Newspapers 2) net 3) TV News 4) Commercials and 5) Radio. If mass media communication can be subdivided into these five broad categories hence it means that it is a pendant matter that encompasses a wide tend of issues. Although mass media is a complex candid matter it is easy to understand its significance in the 21st century.If newspapers are pct of mass media then it is easy to fool its impact in the 21st ce ntury. There are millions of state around the world who reads the newspapers. This is a traditional speciality of communication that continues to serve its purpose which is to inform, entertain and to persuade. Newspapers are shapers of opinion and that a good piece of writing can illicit a response from the readers. While the network is take in up the market share once dominated by newspapers, acquiring information using ink and paper is shut up as legitimate as it first appeared a few centuries ago.TV news is also being challenged by the popularity of the net income. In its heyday TV new is the only authoritative source of information especially regarding life, politics, business and more. But when world-wide-web became a global phenomenon, TV news is seen as slack off and antiquated. For instance TV stations invest in producing TV news because in the midst of the broadcast they can move into TV commercials and earn money to conserve the operation. But consumers of this type of information are demanding for quicker access and zero TV commercials.Aside from the decline of TV news, brought upon by the dominance of Internet fuelled information sites, there is another traditional mass medium that is taking a beating. And this is none other than the wireless. It is hard to imagine that there was a time when piano tuner messages are the main source of information and entertainment in many parts of the globe. But now this practice of tuning into a intercommunicate station is almost non-existent in the lives of the young generation. For them it is impractical to listen to a radio when they can have the same start out in cyberspace.The Impact of the Internet equitable like mass media, it is notoriously difficult to gauge the scope and limitation of the Internet. It seems that in the 21st century, the Internet is almost everywhere, from news reports, Hollywood films, chat rooms, blogs, etc. The Internet is not only beneficial to mass media but also th e banking industry, transportation, politics, health and medicine. But is in mass media where people can really see its potential to change the world. In terms of mass media communication the Internet means cheap and reliable access to information.Today, thanks to the Internet, a nipper can have access to data even if he lives off-the-grid so to speak. The Internet allows for quick transmission of data and enables people to view information using a variety of tools and strategies. For instance, a campaign against the perils of do drugs abuse will show a plethora of strategies that will help a drug addict seek victor help. Since the Internet is easily accessible then there is a greater vista for the addict to meet the right people who will help him or her this is information dissemination at its best. Federal converse CommissionSince mass media communication is live and crucial to the lives of every American, mass media communication in the United States requires the guidance of presidency agency. By describing the different bureaus and offices one can have a good understanding of this government agency Consumer & Governmental personal matters Bureau This bureau informs consumers about telecommunication goods and services. Media Bureau regulates AM and FM radio stations as well as cable television and transmit services. worldwide Bureau represents the Commission in satellite and international matters. Mass media must be about free speech and the superpower to write what one felt and what one has seen in the present. The government is raising the exemplification by creating an agency in-charge of harmonizing all competing forces. The FCC plays a vital role in sustaining the estimable communication infrastructure in the country. It is a government agency in-charge of keeping things in order. The FCC is like a coach directive all interested parties to have a deeper understanding about mass media communication.References Beadouion, C. (2007). Ma ss Media Use, Neighborliness and Social Support Assessing causal Links with Data panel. Communication Research. 34(6) 637-664. Lendman, S. (2008). The policy-making Economy of Media. Retrieved 22 January 2009. obtainable from http//www. globalresearch. ca/index. php? context=va&aid=9446 la vie http//www. dangheno. net/pwritnigs10. htm Shah, A. (2009). Media Conglomerates, Mergers, Concentration of Ownership. Retrieved 22 January 2009. Available from http//www. globalissues. org/article/159/media-conglomerates-mergers-concentration-of- ownership