Steam Distillation of Eugenol Essay Example for Free

Steam Distillation of Eugenol Essay Presentation: This analysis includes an extraction of a characteristic item utilizing the strategies of steam refining. The rule part of oil of cloves is a fragrant compound, which is recognized by slender layer chromatography (TLC). Eugenol is broadly utilized in dentistry, because of its pain relieving, germ-free balsamic characteristics. It is perfect for healing for mash hyperemia (the delicate, touchy substance underneath the polish and dentine of a tooth) and mash its. In dentistry eugenol is additionally used to cover depressions, fill waterways, and so on. It likewise keeps food new and slaughters off microscopic organisms and infections. Eugenol helps keep meat new and forestalls stomach upset, looseness of the bowels, and wound diseases. Moreover, it may have an influence in diminishing acid reflux, controlling looseness of the bowels, and recuperating cuts and chomps. Eugenol is the fundamental dynamic fixing in cloves. Methodology: 1. In a 250 mL round base carafe, place 10.0g of ground cloves and 80 mL of water. Set up for a straightforward refining 2. Warmth to bubbling and gather the distillate until you no longer observe beads of natural fluid coming out of the condenser (around 40 minutes). 3. Spot the distillate in a separatory pipe and concentrate with three 10 mL segments of Dichloromethane 4. Join the dichloromethane concentrates and dry over Sodium Sulfate. 5. Inspect the immaculateness of the concentrate utilizing slight layer chromatography (TLC). Detect a little example of the concentrate utilizing a narrow spotter around 1 cm from the finish of TLC plate. 6. Imagine utilizing an UV light and imprint the pictured spots with a pencil. 7. Record the quantity of spots and the Rf esteems from the spot(s). 8. While the plate is creating set up a tidy and evaporate refining set and distil off the majority of the dichloromethane dissolvable. 9. The rest of the arrangement of Eugenol in Dichloromethane can be expelled utilizing a dispensable pipette and put into a clean pre-weighted vial. 10. The vial can be warmed on a steam shower in the engine to evacuate the modest quantity of dichloromethane. 11. The unadulterated Eugenol ought to be weighted to decide the percent oil recouped dependent on the mass of cloves initially utilized. Results: Thickness of Eugenol: 1.34 g/mL BP of Eugenol: 40Â °C Introductory mass of Eugenol: 18.545 g Mass of vial: 18.0063 g Mass of Eugenol Oil: 18.434 g % Recovery = (18.545 g 18.434 g)/18.434 x 100 = 0.602% Flimsy layer chromatography: Rf=(Distance substance moved/Distance dissolvable moved) Rf=(4.2/5.1) Rf=(.824) End: The investigation was fruitful in that we isolated eugenol as demonstrated by dainty layer chromatography. Our Rf esteem was fairly high. This is most likely on the grounds that the measuring utencil with the chloroform was not 100 % shut during the time we did the meager layer chromatography. Our watch glass was not 100% proficient. Additionally when we were warming the fluid in the condenser, warming the fluid at a rate too high could make overabundance materials turn out in the last item. Other than that, human mistake is a worry. This can be limited via cautious perception, and appropriate technique. In any case, our percent mistake was under 1 percent, which is entirely ideal.

Senator Robert Byrd and the Ku Klux Klan

Congressperson Robert Byrd and the Ku Klux Klan During the mid 1940s, Robert Byrd of West Virginia was a high-positioning individual from the Ku Klux Klan. From 1952 to 2010, a similar Robert Byrd of West Virginia served in the United States Congress and inevitably won the gestures of recognition of social liberties advocates. How could he do that? The Robert Byrd of Congress Conceived in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, on Nov. 20, 1917, Robert Carlyle Byrd was stranded at age 1 after the passing of his mom. Raised by his auntie and uncle in a provincial West Virginia coal mining town, Byrd credited his encounters experiencing childhood in a coal-mining family with molding his astounding political profession. The amazing congressional profession of Robert â€Å"Bob† Byrd started on November 4, 1952, when the individuals of West Virginia chose him for his first term in the U.S. Place of Representatives. A New Deal Democrat, Byrd served six years in the House before being chosen for the U.S. Senate in 1958. He would keep on serving in the Senate for the following 51 years, until his demise at age 92 on June 28, 2010. With an all out 57 years on Capitol Hill, Byrd was the longest-serving Senator in United States history and, at the hour of his demise, the longest-serving part throughout the entire existence of the U.S. Congress. Byrd was the last individual from the Senate to have served during the Dwight Eisenhower administration and the last individual from Congress to have served during the administration of Harry Truman. He likewise held the differentiation of being the main West Virginian to have served in the two places of the state’s governing body and in the two offices of the U.S. Congress. As one of the Senate’s most remarkable individuals, Byrd filled in as secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus from 1967 to 1971 and as Senate Majority Whip from 1971 to 1977. Throughout the following 33 years, he would hold initiative positions including Senate Majority Leader, Senate Minority Leader, and President genius tempore of the Senate. In four separate terms as President master tempore, Byrd stood third in the line of presidential progression, after the Vice President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Alongside his protracted residency, Byrd was known for his huge range of political aptitudes, his frequently furious promotion for the incomparability of the administrative branch, and his capacity to make sure about government assets for the State of West Virginia. Byrd Joins at that point Leaves the Ku Klux Klan Functioning as a butcher in the mid 1940s, a youthful Robert Byrd shaped another section of the Ku Klux Klan in Sophia, West Virginia. In his 2005 book, Robert C. Byrd: Child of the Appalachian Coalfields, Byrd reviewed how his capacity to rapidly enlist 150 of his companions to the gathering dazzled a top Klan official who let him know, â€Å"You have an ability for administration, Bob ... The nation needs youngsters like you in the authority of the nation.† Byrd later reviewed, Suddenly lights flashed in my brain! Somebody significant had perceived my abilities!† Byrd driven the developing part and was in the end chosen Exalted Cyclops of the nearby Klan unit. In a 1944 letter to segregationist Mississippi Senator Theodore G. Bilbo, Byrd composed, â€Å"I will never battle in the military with a Negro close by. Or maybe I should pass on a thousand times, and see Old Glory stomped on in the earth never to rise again than to see this adored place that is known for our own become corrupted by race crossbreeds, a return to the blackest example from the wilds.† As late as 1946, Byrd kept in touch with the Klan’s Grand Wizard expressing, â€Å"The Klan is required today as at no other time, and I am on edge to see its resurrection here in West Virginia and in each state in the nation.† Be that as it may, Byrd would before long decide to put the Klan a long ways behind him. Running for the U.S. Place of Representatives in 1952, Byrd said of the Klan, â€Å"After about a year, I got unengaged, quit satisfying my obligations, and dropped my participation in the association. During the nine years that have followed, I have never been keen on the Klan.† Byrd said he had at first joined the Klan for the â€Å"excitement† and in light of the fact that the association was against socialism. In interviews with The Wall Street Journal and Slate magazine held in 2002 and 2008, Byrd called joining the Klan â€Å"the most prominent mix-up I ever made.† To youngsters keen on getting engaged with governmental issues, Byrd cautioned, â€Å"Be sure you maintain a strategic distance from the Ku Klux Klan. Dont get that hindrance. Once youve committed that error, you restrain your tasks in the political arena.† In his collection of memoirs, Byrd composed that he had become a KKK part since he â€Å"was painfully beset with exclusive focus a jejune and juvenile viewpoint seeing just what I needed to see since I figured the Klan could give an outlet to my abilities and ambitions,† including, â€Å"I know now I wasn't right. Bigotry had no spot in America. I was sorry a thousand times ... what's more, I dont mind saying 'sorry' again and again. I cannot eradicate what happened †¦ it has risen for an incredible duration to frequent and humiliate me and has trained me in a realistic manner what one significant misstep can do to one’s life, profession, and reputation.† Byrd on Racial Integration: A Change of Mind In 1964, Senator Robert Byrd drove a delay against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He additionally restricted the Voting Rights Act of 1965, just as a large portion of the counter destitution projects of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society activity. In the discussion against hostile to destitution enactment, Byrd expressed, â€Å"we can remove the individuals from the ghettos, yet we can't remove the ghettos from the people.† Be that as it may, time and governmental issues can change minds. While he originally casted a ballot against social liberties enactment, Byrd would later recruit one of the main dark congressional associates on Capitol Hill in 1959 and start the racial incorporation of the United States Capitol Police just because since Reconstruction. The 1970’s saw a total inversion in Sen. Byrd’s previous position against racial joining. In 1993, Byrd revealed to CNN that he had lamented his delay and vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and would take them back in the event that he could. In 2006, Byrd disclosed to CSPAN that the passing of his high school grandson in a 1982 car crash had profoundly changed his perspectives. â€Å"The passing of my grandson made me stop and think,† he stated, clarifying that occasion caused him to understand that African-Americans adored their youngsters as much as he cherished his own. While a portion of his kindred traditionalist Democrats restricted the 1983 bill making the Martin Luther King Jr. Day national occasion, Byrd perceived the significance of the day to his inheritance, telling his staff, â€Å"I am the just one in the Senate who must decide in favor of this bill.† Be that as it may, Byrd was the solitary Senator toâ vote against the affirmations of Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas, the main two African-Americans assigned to the United States Supreme Court. In restricting the 1967 affirmation of Marshall, Byrd refered to his doubt that Marshall had connections to socialists or the socialist party. On account of Clarence Thomas in 1991, Byrd expressed that he had been â€Å"offended by the infusion of racism† into the hearings when Thomas considered resistance to his affirmation a type of â€Å"high-tech lynching of self-important blacks.† Byrd called Marshall’s remark a â€Å"diversionary tactic,† including â€Å"I thought we were past that stage.† Byrd likewise bolstered Anita Hill in her allegations of lewd behavior by Thomas and was joined by 45 different Democrats in casting a ballot against Thomas’ affirmation. When met by Tony Snow of FOX News on March 4, 2001, Byrd said of racial relations, â€Å"Theyre a whole lot better than theyve ever been in the course of my life †¦ I ponder race excessively. I think those issues are to a great extent behind us ... I simply think we talk such a great amount about it that we help to make to some degree a figment. I think we attempt to have cooperative attitude. My old mother let me know, Robert, you cannot go to paradise in the event that you loathe anyone. We practice that.† NAACP Praises Byrd At long last, the political inheritance of Robert Byrd went from conceding his previous participation in the Ku Klux Klan to winning the awards of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). For the 2003â€2004 meeting of Congress, Byrd was one of just 16 Senators evaluated by the NAACP as being 100% in accordance with the group’s position on basic enactment. In June 2005, Byrd supported a fruitful bill devoting an extra $10,000,000 in government financing for the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial in Washington, D.C., commenting that â€Å"With the progression of time, we have come to discover that his Dream was the American Dream, and scarcely any at any point communicated it more eloquently.† At the point when Byrd kicked the bucket at age 92 on June 28, 2010, the NAACP discharged an announcement saying that through an amazing span he â€Å"became a boss for social equality and liberties† and â€Å"came to reliably bolster the NAACP social liberties agenda.†Ã¢ Robert C. Byrd Biographical Fast Facts Complete Name: Robert Carlyle Byrd (conceived Cornelius Calvin Sale Jr.)Known for: - American government official - Longest serving individual from U.S. Senate in American history (more than 51 years)Born:  November 20, 1917, in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina,Died: June 28, 2010 (at age 92), in Merrifield, VirginiaParents: Cornelius Calvin Sale Sr. what's more, Ada Mae (Kirby)Education:- Beckley College-Concord University-University of Charleston-Marshall University (BA)- George Washington University - American University (Juris Doctor)Major Published Writings - 2004. â€Å"Losing America: Confronting A Reckl

An Investigation into the issue of human trafficking, the factors that Essay

What Everybody Dislikes About Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples and Why The Pain of Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples The thesis statement stipulates the most important point of or ideas inside your essay. Make certain you reaffirm your thesis. The simplest aspect of your essay to write is the conclusion because you're just summing up what you've already written. After the essay requires a large number of approaches to explore, it's important to understand how to organize it correctly in an attempt to make sure easy reading. In the event you don't understand how to begin work on your essay, your best option would be the conventional hook technique. If at all possible, get a buddy to cast an original pair of eyes on it to discover mistakes you may have missed. Now that you're conscious of the dangers of working with a compare and contrast essay sample, together with the simple fact that trying to find one is many times a time-consuming process in itself, you might be wondering whether or not a custom written essay service may help you. If you'd like to acquire a complimentary example, there's no greater place to search than an expert online writing website. Nonetheless, the top-notch writers who are a part of the Elite Essay Writers team have an increased potential of supplying you with a high-quality paper. If you're ready to put your purchase, our crew of professional writers is prepared to aid you. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. Greatest essay writing service can help you save totally free time and get much better grades. The Importance of Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples You could also on similarities initially, after which differences. Or it may be an introduction, then the similarities between the 2 subjects, the differences between both subjects, and a conclusion. Simply create two overlapping circles, one for each one of the topics which you're comparing. Ultimately, you should show the importance of the differences. It's going to be quite easy to discover the differences but the similarities are a lot more difficult to find. Once it's discovered your work was plagiarized, not only will you almost certainly fail that distinct essay but you might experience more repercussions affecting your upcoming education as well as. When you are requested to contrast, it means you have to tell how two things are different. There are lots of words that you are able to utilize to connect your thoughts and show how you're comparing or contrasting your topics. Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples and Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples - The Perfect Combination If you're running short on ideas of what criteria it's possible to compare and contrast, it's possible to always brainstorm by employing a Venn diagram. You might also enjoy the outline examples. When you work on your Venn diagram, and when you start researching the reliable sources, you can realize that you have too many sugg estions to work with. The Venn diagram is an alternative. A paper may contain over five paragraphs altogether based on the range of subjects a student makes the decision to analyze. The essay itself should adhere to a conventional five-paragraph format, that is the major body of your paper. A compare and contrast essay outline is much more complicated than the remaining academic paper outline templates. The compare and contrast essay is just one of many papers for which you are able to use the 5-paragraph structure. A Secret Weapon for Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples If you don't, read how to compose a compare and contrast essay. You might also observe the descriptive essay. A comparison essay is among them. Much like descriptive essay examples and other sorts of academic essays, a comparative essay can be made in various ways. Don't make your paper biased. Your thesis is the fundamental argument your whole essay will revolve around. Check with the organizers as you compose the essay. You might also understand the leadership essay. Once you craft your topic sentence, you have to support your thoughts with evidence. When you should evaluate two unique subjects, you wish to make certain that your ideas are clear so the reader can follow along. Or you're risking of getting blocked by bad understanding of your topic and inability to come up with the idea as it needs to be. You should have a template to come up with your ideas and make them clear to everybody. Compare and Contrast Essay Examples and Samples - What Is It? If you would like to get high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. As you research each product, try to find information which may not be widely known. Students learn how to analyze details about two subjects.

Maa 725 - 4100 Words

| MAA 725 | Advanced Accounting Principles and Practice | | Dr. Li Liu | Unit Chair | Group 4 Chesten Anne G. Beloso – 212342256 Xiaohan Liu - 211640339 Cuanling Wei - 212120435 â€Å"We certify that the attached work is entirely our own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. We also declare that it has not been submitted for assessment in another unit or course.† 06 May 2013 Number of words: 3,943 INTRODUCTION This assignment aims to present in a clear and concise manner our viewpoint towards remuneration disclosure, considering steps to improve this matter of contention is taken voluntarily by the boards as recently stated by The Australian Financial Review. Section I explains†¦show more content†¦* An attempt to be an accountable or responsible company by reporting information voluntarily. Managers are likely to consider that stakeholders have a right to certain information, and that they should fulfil that entitlement despite the related costs (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). Analysis This paper provides an overview of the current debate and the theories that attempt to explain executive remuneration disclosure. Attention is given to underlying accounting theories such as Positive Accounting Theory, Normative Accounting Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Legitimacy Theory, Institutional Theory, Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theory. We will now analyse motivations to improve remuneration disclosure using the theories of financial accounting. Accounting theories typically either explain or predict accounting practice or they stipulate unambiguous accounting practice. Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) aims to make good predictions of actual world events and convert them to accounting transactions. Its general objective is to understand and predict the choice of accounting policies across conflicting firms. It recognises that economic consequences exist. In relation to PAT, because there is a need to be efficient, the firm will want to minimise costs associated with the performance indicators used by the firm. PAT uses hypotheses aroundShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of crime are frustration of failure in school, the increasing availability of drugs and alcohol, and the increase of child abuse and neglect of children (Tsunokai Kposowa, 2009; Resko et al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2008; Kotch et al., 2008; Maas, Herrenkohl, Sousa, 2008). All these factors increase the likelihood that a child will commit an offense. Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents The juvenile justice system in various countries tries to rehabilitate young people who were delinquentRead MoreDevelopmental Analysis Essay2754 Words   |  12 Pagespositive effect on children’s social, behavioral, psychological, and cognitive development later in life. In conclusion this study was meant as an exploratory and preliminary investigation of fathers; experience during pregnancy Vreeswijk,M.J.M.,C., Maas,B.M.A.,J., Rijk,H.A.M.,C., Bakel ,V.J.A. H., (2013). Over the years as growing into an adult it has really been a struggle for me to maintain a healthy relationship with the opposite sex, because I am always questioning is this person who they sayRead MoreRoy Theory14019 Words   |  57 Pagesexpected range in response to activity.† Nursing-sensitive outcome measures are operations or activities that describe precisely what outcome indicator is to be measured and how; for example, extremely compromised (1) to not compromised (5) (Johnson, Maas, Moorhead, 2000). Outcomes, outcome indicators, and outcome measures are all needed to establish patient outcomes or goals. There are similarities between goals as defined by the adaptation model and outcomes as defined by NOC. Both address individualsRead MoreEffects of Rap Music on Crime14002 Words   |  57 Pageseducation. Listening to Rap †¢ 705 Finally, we include a measure of respondents’ own cultural capital activities. While mainly used as an explanation of educational and occupational attainment (DiMaggio 1982; DiMaggio and Mohr 1995; Aschaffenburg and Maas 1997), measures of cultural capital have also been deployed to uncover dispositions, or orientations, towards the arts (Bourdieu 1984; Swartz 1997). We use it here as a further measure of the characteristics and lifestyles of the audience for rap –

Video Games Stay Away From Art - 957 Words

The discussion about videogames having the credit to be considered art is already dated. When presenting his reasons, Eric Zimmerman - the author of the text Games, stay away from art. Please- makes it clear that the subject is not only old but also pointless. Some of his motives contradicts at some point of the article, but all that we can conclude of clear way is the discussion that video games wheater or not can be considered art will never debunk its cultural value in the media and in the life of its players. The author uses examples of what we consider art and illustrates a good view of the context in which we are to discuss whether games are art or not. There is no sense to discuss this kind of issue, of course this can take hours and hours of debate but - after all - there are matters much more important and really helpful to discuss and arrive in a conclusion instead of trying to get to an undefined result. 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Spin Master Toy Case study free essay sample

Spin Master Toys had to launch its First Electronics Product, E-Charger. They had to choose a supplier from Wai Lung and Wah Shung. Spin Master considered many factors before taking this decision which is given in excel below. S. No. Factors Weights Wai Lung Wah Shing Rating Weighted Rating Weighted 1 Reputation 9% 2 0. 18 4 0. 36 2 Capacity 12% 4. 5 0. 54 2 0. 24 3 Quality Levels 15% 3. 5 0. 525 4. 5 0. 675 4 Capability in Engineering 11% 2 0. 22 4. 5 0. 495 5 Capability of the factories Chinese Suppliers 10% 3 0. 3 4. 5 0. 45 6 Speed to the market 20% 4 0. 8 2. 5 0. 5 7 Costs 8% 4. 5 0. 36 3. 5 0. 28 8 Tooling time needed 10% 2. 5 0. 25 2. 5 0. 25 9 Attention to the company 5% 4. 5 0. 225 3. 5 0. 175 Total 100% 3. 4 3. 425 Rating : 1 to 5 Wah Shing has higher rating then Wai Lung. So Spin Master will choose Wai Shing as his supplier. Working Note: Reputation: Wai Lung had prior experience of making electronic products so it will add more reputation to Wai Lung Manufacturing Co. Capacity: Wai Lung Manufacturing Co. is running at capacity of 40% so it has 60% capacity to utilize and they will not begun many projects in the future whereas Wah Shing already running at 70 to 80% of capacity so will give maximum 25%(Average) capacity to E-chargers. We will write a custom essay sample on Spin Master Toy Case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Quality Level: Wai Lung Manufacturing Co. did not has any prior experience of making electronic product as compare to Wah Shang which had been one of the supplier for major companies. Capability in Engineering: As Wai Lung did not has any prior experience so their Capability in Engineering will be less than as compare to Wah Shang. Capability of the factories Chinese Suppliers: Wah Shang had prior experience of electronics device so in the case Capability of the factories Chinese Suppliers they will definitely have upper hand as compare to Wai Lung. Speed to market: Wai Lung had much more capacity to utilize than Wah Shang so probability of reaching product to market is higher in the case of Wai Lung. Costs: In short run Wai Lung will be more cost effective marginally and as Spin Master Toys needs E-Charger in short run and upto March only . Attention to the company: Wai Lung Co. ‘s owner said he would provide personal attention . Therefore Wai Lung has more chances to provide more attention to the company

Health Insurance Research Paper Example

Health Insurance Paper Let me start by saying that numerous studies have indicated that there are many people in the USA who do not realize the importance of health insurance. How many of us know, for example, that the average cost of an MRI is nearly $2,000 and that heart bypass surgery costs about $57,000? Or that the average cost of a 30-day prescription of one name brand drug is $72 compared to $22 for the generic equivalent? One major factor people do not invest in health insurance is because they feel that their health and sometimes the health of the spouse and children are covered by their jobs.   While this is true that most people are covered through the workplace, it is equally true that when these people lose their jobs, they also lose their health benefits. According to experts in this field, on average, for each jobless worker who has lost insurance, at least one child or spouse covered under the same policy has also lost protection. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Insurance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Health Insurance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Health Insurance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The situation and the need to invest in health insurance are aptly summed up by Senator Sherrod Brown, Democrat of Ohio. â€Å"No matter how bad the condition of the economy — we can’t delay pursuing comprehensive health care,† said Senator Sherrod Brown, Democrat of Ohio. â€Å"There are too many victims who are innocent of anything but working at the wrong place at the wrong time† (The New York Times). Purchasing health insurance becomes all the more imperative for the elderly. The risks of experiencing major health problems and incurring substantial medical expenses increase dramatically for people ages 55–64, so the consequences of lacking insurance may be more severe (W. Johnson and S. Crystal). Recent studies reveal that uninsured American adults receive less appropriate care and fewer needed health services than their insured peers. The same study also suggests on the need for health insurance to improve quality in services. According to it, coverage to the near-elderly uninsured may greatly improve health outcomes for these groups (J.Z. Ayanian). These figures point to the importance of buying health insurance. According to a study In 2006, Americans spent over $7,000 per capita on health care, up from $2,400 in 1980 and $800 in 1960 (all in 2006 dollars). National health care spending has grown more rapidly than the economy as a whole, so health care accounts for an increasing share of the overall economy (Chart 4-1). National health care spending now accounts for about 16 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), up from 9.1 percent in 1980 and only 5.2 percent in 1960. Yet the scene has now changed dramatically. According to the Census Bureau, After climbing steadily for six years, the number of Americans without health insurance dropped by more than a million in 2007, to 45.7 million (Ian Urbina). The health experts also reiterate this by pointing out that the rate of people without health insurance in the USA went down by 15.3 percent in 2007, from 15.8 percent a year earlier. Health insurance can greatly help to bring down your medical bills and also provide you the much needed security if you are unfortunate enough to be suffering from any kind of disease. This is because as medical care advances, so do the costs for treatment. The very purpose of health insurance is to provide you the much needed care you require in difficult times. Health insurance not only protects you and your family financially in times of unexpected injury or illness but can also provide you with preventive care options. Remember that you can never predict what your medical bills will be. In some years they may be low and in others they may be high but at all times you will atleast have your piece of mind knowing that you and your family are protected against diseases and injuries. Also keep in mind that there is a direct relationship between health insurance and health care. For one, you are free of tensions and secondly health insurance provides for regular visits by the doctor and so you get quality services when you need it. You can buy health insurance for yourself and your family directly from insurance companies. However, before making a choice, do take time to study various health plans and then buy which best fits your requirements. Let me point out that you have a choice of buying Managed health care, which has quickly become the most common type of health insurance in the United States. With health care costs almost constantly on the rise, managed care health insurance can offer a more affordable option to traditional fee-for-service (or indemnity) plans. Managed plans stress preventative medicine too, so if most of your annual medical expenses come from check-ups and the like, this may be a good bet. You also have the option of taking an indemnity plan. This plan on the other hand, will almost certainly be more expensive, but if you have a trusted physician youd like to keep, or suffer from frequent illness, the additional cost is probably worth it. I conclude by saying that national health care expenditures are expected to nearly double over the next 10 years. Thats largely due to the increased use and cost of prescription drugs, advances in medical technology and treatments, hospital equipment and services, increased specialty care, over-use of emergency rooms for non-emergency needs, and other factors. In the light of this the only way out for us is to ensure that we have health insurance to tide us through the rough weather. References The Importance of Health and Health Care. Chapter 4 http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/2008_erp_ch4.pdf J.Z. Ayanian et al., Unmet Health Needs of Uninsured Adults in the United States, Journal of the American Medical Association 284, no. 16 (2000) The New York Times. When a Job Disappears, So Does the Health Care http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/07/us/07uninsured.html?blex=1228798800en=8a47220b90bc54e4ei=5087%0A Ian Urbina. A Decline in Uninsured Is Reported for 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/27/washington/27census.html?_r=1 W. Johnson and S. Crystal. R.W. Johnson and S. Crystal, Health Insurance Coverage at Midlife: Characteristics, Costs, and Dynamics, Health Care Financing Review 18, no. 3 (1997):

Summary Azadi Essays

Summary Azadi Essays Summary Azadi Essay Summary Azadi Essay In order to reinforce the corporate governance system in Unites States, Academy Committee reviewed the financial. The idea was to inculcate openness in the system. Amongst other things, Directors remuneration was to be decided on by a group of non-executives. It recommended disclosing and bifurcating elements of the salary along with an explanation as to how is it determined. Information about stock options, stock appreciation rights, and pension contributions should also be given. Moreover, they also suggested that future service contracts should not exceed three years without prior approval of shareholders. In June 1995, the Employment Committee of the House of Commons reported on the remuneration of directors and chief executives of privatized utilities. John Monks, Secretary General of the UTC conducted the UTC Survey in 1 995 which shows that the wage gap between executives and their respective workforces is growing at a faster pace in private companies than utilities. Though this gap widened in recession, the directors of private companies have always accorded themselves high pay increments. Established in 1995, the Greenberg Committee is of the view that statuary controls are of minimal significance and progress lies in self exultation, which allows controlling and enhancing performance. Some of the basic clauses are 1 ) effective delegation of responsibility for determination of directors remuneration which would not only represent shareholders interest and guard company s finances 2) This group of people needs to *J. I. B. L. 475 submit a report to the shareholders explaining the companys approach along with all the relevant disclosures. This task shall be allocated to the Non-executives Committee. Current Regulation Of Executive pay in united Kingdom Determination of executive remuneration is a controversial affair. Common law fails to provide enough guidelines as there is a general reluctance by the court in estimating salary market value. Also, it is considered a companys private matter. Conventionally, the companys constitution has it that the board would decide on the salary and the directors wont have a say in it. This triggers mutual back scratching as both the parties dont scrutinize the process for implied benefits. Directors can even determine their own pay but it involves statutory provisions for disclosure. Provisions in Companies Act 2006 supports the idea of accountability. As per s. 28, directors remuneration must be disclosed whereas the service contacts should be available for inspection by the *J. B. L. 445 shareholders. Moreover, approval at general meeting is required to award contracts of over 5 years. S. 420 makes it mandatory to prepare remuneration report as a part of annual report, non performance of which is an offence. 0 must include details on the package and board. A resolution is required to approve the report as a whole by casting of votes. Hanging writes that this has stimulated shareholders into positively assessing directors remuneration packages ether than passively agreeing to them as a fiat accomplice, as used to be the case in the past. Role of self-regulation in controlling excessive remuneration Transformation of remuneration culture is a time consuming process but some improvements have taken place. Companies Act of 2006 has been revised by extension of principle of disclosure and transparency. Self- regulating codes of best practice have also instituted interesting changes. For instance, the Principle Del . Of UK Corporate Governance code requires performance related elements of remuneration to be linked with companys Eng term success. FSP has considered compensation structures and fixed and variable components are to be decided at company level. A shift towards fixed components of remuneration should be discouraged as explained by the COED report. Remuneration policies are subject to shareholder approval at annual meetings. 88 Thus shareholders need to be in a better position to have a say in pay determination. Say on pay policy, introduced in UK is seen to build on this idea as it re requires publicly listed companies to submit an executive remuneration report to a non-binding shareholder vote at the annual general meeting. 89 For effective implementation of this scheme, a high level of transparency is a must. Its effectiveness can be adhered from the fact that financial crisis occurred after its introduction. Allowing directors to determine their pay causes overstatement. 95 Hence companies should clearly identify and allocate the tasks. Principle D. 2. 1 of UK Corporate Governance Code requires establishment of a board comprising of at least 3 non executive directors. In contrast with existing non executive directors are not appointees of inside management and hence might do a better job of retesting companys interests. 97 Also, they will be in a better position to negotiate. 98 The role of independent directors is crucial in removing the bias of management. The pay packages that are now criticized were once approved by remuneration committee, as identified by Skye. Australia Australia, a country renowned for up gradation of laws to prevent directors from having any unfair advantage. Some recent amendments have both raised and resolved few queries in the insolvency law. A commendable development is Corporations Amendment (Repayment of Directors Bonuses) Act 2003 which has resulted in new operative section FASTS of Corporations Act 2001. The fall of One. Tell, a large mobile phone company, triggered the enactment of this act. Before the organizations demise, the directors had approved massive bonuses to two of its managing directors. The government reacted by allowing recovery of payments after a company becomes insolvent. Section FASTS permits the liquidator to redeem benefit of any unreasonable director-related transaction, but there is no exhaustive definition of what such a transaction is. A case by case analysis is required.

Marketing of service products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing of service products - Essay Example In his book Marketing Management, Philip Kotler (2000), mentioned that 21st century marketing is marked by companies that managed to're-design' all the rules of marketing. In exchange of spending thousands of dollars on expensive market research, those companies took advantage of all their limited resources, producing near to their customers' locations and creating more solutions that are satisfying their customers. "They built customer's clubs, engage in creative public relations, and focus on efforts to produce high quality products and win-over customer's long term loyalty", said Kotler. Those companies have proven that marketing is an ever-developing science, and it has a very important role on deciding the faith of a company There are several definitions of marketing but we can divide them into two important segments, which are social and managerial definition. According to the social definition, marketing is designed to provide customers with products and services they required, thus, several marketers believed that marketing is simply a way of increasing the quality of life. On the other hand, Peter Drucker, as representative of the managerial perspective stated that sales are not the end goal of a marketing process. He stated that the goal of marketing is "to have an understanding of the consumer in such a kind that products meet consumers' needs and sell themselves" (Kotler, 2000). Within this short elaboration, our goal is to describe techniques of marketing services and present a real example of application in a real company. There are several definitions of the core difference between products and services. However, most will focus on the fact that products can be seen and touched prior to purchase, while services cannot. Another obvious difference is the idea that most services require the consumer to be present when the service is performed while products do not. An example is buying a pair of shoes compared to purchasing a hair cut. Nevertheless, many outcome of a company cannot be differentiated as products or services. According to Philip Kotler, the

Claude Monet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Claude Monet - Essay Example He was also a student of Jacque-Louis David. Then became a mentee of Eugene Boudin who taught him on the outdoor technique of painting. He left school after being his mother dying in the year 1857. Later on he left France and went England where he painted more than 25 building and he was suspected of revolutionary activities. At 32 Monet and Camille Doncieux married. They had two sons, second one died of tuberculosis where he painted him on the death bed (Kalitina & Brodskaiï ¸  , 2011, 102-120) On later life and death, Monet had difficulty life after death of his wife. The grief gave him the impetus to make the best of his painting. Most of the painting were considered the best for campaign in France. The prospects of Monet starting changing when he met Paul Durand, dealer, who made his paint sale. His painting such as Rouen Cathedral got popularity. Life changed and he started making better incomes. In the year 1926, Monet succumbed to lung cancer. Only 50 people attended the burial at cemetery of Givenery church. Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: a readers guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT, Oryx Press. (pg

Types of Advertising Media Essay Example for Free

Types of Advertising Media Essay As we noted in Managing the Advertising Campaign tutorial, selection of the media outlet through which an ad will be presented has important implications for the success of a promotion. Each outlet possesses unique characteristics though not all outlet are equally effective for all advertisers. Thus, choosing the right media can be a time consuming process requiring the marketer to balance the pros and cons of each option. While just a few years ago marketers needed to be aware of only a few media outlets, today’s marketers must be well-versed in a wide range of media options. The reason for the growing number of media outlets lies with advances in communication technology, in particular, the Internet. In this tutorial we provide an overview of the following advertising media: 1. Television 2. Radio 3. Print Publications 4. Internet 5. Direct Mail 6. Signage 7. Product Placement 8. Mobile Devices 9. Sponsorships 10. Other Media Outlets As we discussed in the Advertising Trends section in the Advertisingtutorial, the number of media outlets will continue to grow as new technologies emerge. Thus, marketers are well advised to continually monitor changes occuring within each media outlet. Television Advertising Television advertising offers the benefit of reaching large numbers in a single exposure. Yet because it is a mass medium capable of being seen by nearly anyone, television lacks the ability to deliver an advertisement to highly targeted customers compared to other media outlets. Television networks are attempting to improve their targeting efforts. In particular, networks operating in the pay-to-access arena, such as those with channels  on cable and satellite television, are introducing more narrowly themed programming (i.e., TV shows geared to specific interest groups) designed to appeal to selective audiences. However, television remains an option that is best for products that targeted to a broad market. The geographic scope of television advertising ranges from advertising within a localized geographic area using fee-based services, such as cable and fiber optic services, to national coverage using broadcast programming. Television advertising, once viewed as the pillar of advertising media outlets, is facing numerous challenges from alternative media (e.g., Internet) and the invasion of technology devices, such as digital video recorders (see more in the Advertising Trends section in theAdvertising) tutorial, that have empowered customers to be more selective on the advertisements they view. Additionally, television lacks effective response tracking which has led many marketers to investigate other media that offer stronger tracking options.

My Best Friend Died Essay -- Friendship Essay Personal Narrative

My Best Friend Died Dr. Munter's comments: The purpose of this assignment was to relate an event that changed the direction of your life. Not only does this student successfully accomplish this task, he does it with a certain amount of understatement. The instruction â€Å"to show, not tell† is beautifully and subtly completed. There is also a nice balance of long and short sentences, unusual similes, and the sense that the author allows the reader to view this event through the eyes of an eight-year-old. Overall, the writing is clean, simple in technique, yet powerful in its message. I remember the van. It was the gray of dry clay, and it had maroon stripes on the sides that were the same color as maple leaves during the fall, but it was winter now. It was my mom's van, and I was riding in the back seat. I was eight years old, and she had pulled over on the side of the road because she had â€Å"some sad news† to tell me. My legs didn’t touch the ground. They just dangled with my sorrels about to fall off. I was all bundled up in the puffy winter clothes that mothers dress their chi...

Accredited & Deluxe Hotels for Tourism Essay

1. Century Park Hotel 599 Pablo Ocampo Str. Manila 1004Â  2. Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria – Ortigas Avenue, Corner Asian Dev., Bank Avenue, Quezon City 3. Diamond Hotel Phillippines – Roxas Boulevard cor. Dr. J. Quintos St., Manila, Philippines 1000 4. Dusit Hotel Nikko Ayala Center Makati City Metro Manila, Makati, 1223, Philippines 5. EDSA Shangri- La Hotel – 1 Garden Way Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City, Manila 1650 6. Holiday Inn galleria Manila – 1 Asia Development Bank Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City, 7. Hotel Intercontinental Manila – 1 Ayala Avenue, Makati, Luzon 1226, Philippines 8. Hyatt Hotel and Casino Manila – 1588 Pedro Gil Corner MH Del Pilar, Malate, Manila 1004 9. Makati Shangri- La Manila – Ayala Avenue corner Makati Avenue, Makati City 1200 10. Mandarin Oriental Manila – Makati Ave, Makati City 1226 11. Pan Pacific Hotel – Gen M Malvar, Manila 1004Â  12. Renaissance Makati City hotel – Esperanza Street corner Makati Avenue, Ayala Center, Makati City 1228, Philippines, Manila 13. Sofitel Phillipine Plaza Manila – Ccp Complex Roxas Boulevard, Pasay – Manila 1099 14. The Bellevue Manila – North Bridgeway, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines 1781 15. The Manila Hotel – One Rizal Park 0913 Manila Po Box 307 Philippines 16. Heritage Hotel – Manila – Roxas Boulevard corner Edsa Pasay City 1300 17. The Peninsula Manila – Ayala Museum, Makati Ave, 1226 See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay 18. Vivere Suites – 5102 Bridgeway Avenue corner ASEAN Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Muntinlupa City 1781 Accredited First Class Hotels in the Philippines 1. CSB International Conference Center – Arellano cor Estrada Sts | Malate, Manila, Luzon 1004, Philippines 2. Discovery Suites – Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1600 Philippines 3. Great Eastern Hotel – 7842 Makati Avenue, 1200 Manila 4. Manila Pavilion hotel – United Nations Avenue, Corner Ma. Orosa Str Manila 1000 , Philippines 5. The Linden Suites Hotel – 37 San Miguel Avenue, Ortigas Centre Pasig City 1600 6. The Pearl Manila Hotel – General Luna Str., Corner Taft & United Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila, Luzon 1000, 7. The richmonde Hotel – 21 San Miguel Avenue Pasig City‎ 8. Traders hotel Manila – 3001 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay, Manila, 1305 Philippines Accredited Standard Hotels in the Phillipines 1. Aloha Hotel – 2150 Roxas Boulevard, Cor. Quirino Ave.,Malate Manila, 1004 Philippines. 2. Bayview Park Hotel – 1118 Roxas Boulevard Cor., United Nations Avenue, 1000 Manila 3. Best Western hotel La Corona – 1166 M. H. Del Pilar St. cor. Arquiza St. Ermita, Manila, Philippines 4. Camelot Hotel 5. CEO Suites 6. Cherry Blossoms Hotel – 7. City Garden Suites – 8. Citystate Towe Hotel – 9. Garden Plaza Hotel – 10. Hotel Las Palmas –

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Of Sociology - 830 Words

Suppose you’re going on a hot date. You have a couple of hours before your big evening I’m quite sure your preparing yourself or getting ready to I hope. I bet you decide on a particular outfit or maybe try on a few. You want to make a wonderful impression so you use your good fragrance. You rehearse some catchy lines that you think will make he/she laugh. These are all concepts that go along with the sociological approach called the symbolic interactionist perspective. This approach is used to describe how our society can be viewed and its variants applied to daily interactions. Sociologists use a variation of theoretical perceptions to make sense of the world. These perspectives or ideas provide a structure for understanding explanations on matters, we find odd. The approach we will focus on is the symbolic interactionist perspective of sociology which looks at society as a product of ordinary social interactions of an individual. Symbolic interactionists also study how people use symbols to form meanings. The fundamental principle of this theory, is that the meaning we stem from and attribute to the world we see around us is a social creation produced by everyday social communication. In other words this theory is focused on how we use and understand things as symbols to communicate with one another, how we as individuals create and maintain an identity that we present to the world and a sense of self inside us. Also how we create and maintain the reality that weShow MoreRelatedSymbolic Interactionist Perspective In Sociology1543 Words   |  7 Pagesdiff erent perspectives. Sociologists study everything from specific behaviors on the micro level to generalized, big pictures on the macro level. Each palpable explanation and theoretical generalization of society and social behavior that sociologists provide, contribute to the understanding of complex behaviors we demonstrate everyday. 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Violence in Public Schools Essay - 2763 Words

The word violence is defined as, â€Å"an intense, turbulent or furious and often destructive action, force or exertion of physical strength so as to injure or abuse† (Webster 1316). Associating that term with the safety of our children within a public school setting will bring about an immediate reaction to discover what is root of the problem and what, as a society, can we do to prevent this behavior in the future. Violence in public schools is a growing concern for parents, teachers, faculty and the students themselves; therefore, becoming aware of a child’s temperament and aggressive conduct is vital in the prevention of violent behavior in the public school system. Although violence is the most exaggerated form of abuse within schools†¦show more content†¦One would also have to consider the amount of children who are bullied but not willing to admit to parents or faculty for fear of embarrassment which could possible make the numbers even more skewed. By and large there is a growing problem with violence in our public school system however, bullying is one issue associated with that steady increase; however, becoming aware of the warning signs is essential in fully understanding the extensive problems these school children are facing. Warning Signs of Potentially Violent Children Violent incidents and threats of violence at school negatively affect students, school staff and the educational process; therefore, fear and feelings of being unsafe cause students to miss school and participate less in class (Hamburg 2). If staff, faculty, parents and other peers become aware of the major warning signs to potentially violent students and children, the community, school and neighborhood will be a safer place for everyone. There are several highly important key factors in determining a child’s mental stability and aggressive tendencies. Although any of these signs alone or coupled together can present evidence of a disturbed child, the intent is to notice the behavior early and seek help where it is necessary. One warning signs to look for is the constant drawing or writing of violent images and messages. Violent students often indicate their intentions before acting them out through fantasyShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Public Schools871 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, several mass shootings have occurred in several places. Sadly, public schools in America have been venues for these mass shootings. How do we reduce these shootings? How do we ensure that the lives of our kids are safe? These are the questions parents all over America are asking. A lot of suggestions have been made to the government concerning the issue of mass shootings. 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Most kids do not think certain actions are classified as bullying, yet theyRead MoreLife1071 Words   |  5 Pages Why Chicago Public Schools need more Protective Measures Against School Violence Paul Cotton Baker College Online Why Chicago Schools need more Protective Measures Against School Violence Gun violence and the right to carry weapons have been two topics of heated debate over the last decade. From the violent burglaries to school shootings, the need for protection increases. The solution to end or reduce violence is not an easy task. Should societyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Public Health Policy Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). 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The reason that dress codes are not conclusively enforced is due to the application of the First Amendment to juveniles in the public school setting. The First Amendment states that Congress shall ma ke no law respecting an establishmentRead MoreThe Correlation Between School Uniforms and Violence Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesIs the absence of school uniforms leading to an up rise of violence between children in public schools? According to the National School Safety Center’s Report on School Associated Violent Deaths, â€Å"Since the 1992-1993 school year, two-hundred seven were shooting victims† (Kelly n pag). According to the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), â€Å"10% of all public schools had one or more serious violent crimes (murder, rape, sexual battery, suicide, physical attack

Aggregate Demand and Supply Paper - 1955 Words

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique Ken Drake, ECO 372 Macroeconomics September 10, 2012 Jason Foster Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique In the United States the economy is currently in a recession, although signs are indicating that the economy is slowly recovering. In an effort to analyze the Unites States economy the unemployment rate, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates have been evaluated. The results of these evaluations are included in this report. Unemployment in the United States fell to 8.1% from 8.3% in July. U.S. employers are said to have added 96,000 jobs in July (KSL News, Sept) . According to reports from the department of workforce services the†¦show more content†¦Just like looking for a good time to buy into a stock, a person needs to look at several months of data to find a consistent pattern of troughs and peaks in the supply and demand wave, draw a line to mark out floor and ceiling, and then buy your stocks as the price climbs and sell before it reaches the top. Expectation can now be based on past events laid out in a reoccurring pattern. There is still some guesswork involved however, but not like it was in the past. The downward spiral of the United States economy can be caused by different factors. For example, record high gas prices and sub prime mortgage loans are tow key contributors. With the United States gas prices and unemployment rates at an all time high, it is no secret why consumers naturally spend less money. Consumers are using more money for their gas tanks just to get to work everyday, and the though of going on vacation or shopping is just a dream now for most. A higher price level reduces the purchasing power of the publics accumulated savings account balances (Aggregate demand and aggregate supply, 2012). A higher price level heavily wears out the purchasing power of such assets, the general public is much poorer and will automatically reduce its spending. Sub prime mortgage loans were designed to help people with bad credit purchase a home when they would not qualify. They w ere also designed to help people who didnt make quite enough incomeShow MoreRelatedOverview of Interrelated Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Curves1544 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Aggregate Supply Curve Variables One of the major facets and functions of modern macroeconomic and microeconomic theory are the interrelated aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. 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Contributory Negligence & Assumption of Risk-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Is Jo-Anne liable in negligence for Kates loss? Briefly discuss whether Herb Accounting Ltd is liable for Kates loss. 2.Is the Mortgage Contract between the bank and Stella enforceable? Is there a contract between Stella and Angelo for the supply of tomatoes? Answers: 1.Issue: Whether Jo-Anne is liable for Kates loss Whether the Herb Accounting Ltd is liable for Kates loss Rule: As per the given fact of the case, it can be found that Jo-Anne had knowledge about the resorts actual profit for the year 2016 but has misrepresented the facts to make Kate purchase the Bay View Resort, which can be said as illegal. However, even if we consider that Jo-Anne was ignorant about the misrepresentation in the Auditors report then also Jo-Anne is liable for the act of negligence. Essentials of Negligence: To prove that the negligence has been occurred on the part of the defendant, the plaintiff has to prove the following essentials of negligence. Duty to take care: The defendant is the person who had the legal duty to take reasonable care. When the defendant omits to take such reasonable care towards the plaintiff, he is said to have negligence in taking the proper care[1]. In the given case, Jo Anne has the duty to take reasonable care in towards Kate to advice him in purchasing motels., the first essential of negligence is proved and Jo Anne can be made liable for the negligence acting as the real estate advisor of Kate. Duty to Whom: In Donoghue v Stevenson, it has been stated that the duty is not limited only towards the plaintiff but also its neighbors. The neighbors are those who are directly or closely affected by the act of the defendant as stated by Lord Atkin[2]. In the given case, Jo Anne has the duty towards the Kate, but Jo Anne could not perform his duties as required. Therefore, Kate has proved that Jo Anne has the duty towards him which has not been performed by Jo Anne and that caused injury to Kate. Breach of the Duty: The defendant has the duty to take reasonable care, which a normal person would have taken in the course of his business in performing the task for which he has been employed on contracted. When the defendant does not performs any act or omits to perform any act he is said to have breach his legal duty. The defendant who has breached its legal duty to do or not to do any act as per the contract and for omitting such act the plaintiff suffers injury or damage , the defendant shall be held liable for such breach. In the given case, Jo Anne has breached its duty to take reasonable care and shall be made liable. Thus, this essential has also been proved which proves that Jo Anne was responsible for the breach caused to Kate and shall be liable to pay damages. Factual Causation: The plaintiff must prove that the defendant has made omissions, which has resulted in the injury or damage. However, the cause between the breach of duty and the damage caused is determined by the court[3]. The court observes that the damage or injury suffered in the direct result of the breach of duty by the defendant (Section 11, Civil Liability Act, 2003)[4]. The High Court of Australia has held that to determine the actual cause of the damage or whether the damage is the direct cause of the breach, the court has initiated a test which the court stated as but for test, because it is very complicated when there are many causes for a single damage or injury. In the given case, the breach made by Jo Anne was direct cause of the accident or injury suffered by Kate. Therefore, Jo Anne was responsible for the damage or injury suffered by Kate making loss in his business. Harm: The plaintiff can claim for damages only if there is a pecuniary damage, which is the cause of the breach of duty on the part of the defendant. A plaintiff is entitled to only legal remedy if the plaintiff sustains no pecuniary damage. In the given case, Jo Annes breach of duty has caused harm to Kate. The harm that Jo Anne has done to Kate is that for the act of negligent Jo Anne made loss in his business which he cannot recover and had to sell the resort at a rate which is lower than that which he has purchased. Therefore, Jo Anne has acted negligently and has done harm to Kate. Damages: The plaintiff has to prove that there has been a substantial damages caused by the act of the defendant. The damages received by the plaintiff may be harm to the body, reputation, property or any economic loss[5]. In the given case Jo Anne was negligent in his act to and left Kate unknown about the actual reason behind such a good profit in the year 2016. Therefore, it is proven that Jo Anne has made the breach for which Kate is entitled to receive damages from Jo Anne. Application: In the given case, Jo Anne was responsible to provide detailed information regarding the resort which Kate had purchased for its business. Jo Anne had the duty towards Kate being the real estate advisor. Jo Anne should have disclosed all material information to Kate regarding the resorts financial status. Moreover, Jo Anne should have disclosed the information of fishing competition which was to be held in the resort. The Bay View Resort has made a profit of $1.2 Million in the year 2016 which was false and misleading. This all information was expected to be kept by the real estate agent Jo Anne which she has negligently missed. Jo Anne should be made liable for the negligent act which a prudent or ordinary man would have done in ts ordinary course of business. Therefore, Jo Anne shall be liable for the act of negligence. She shall also be charged under the Civil Liability Act, 2003 for the negligent act and shall pay damages to Kate for the loss suffered by him for the Act of Jo Ann e. Herb Accounting Ltd has not acted ethically and should be liable for the loss of Kate. As a professional accounting firm, it should have maintained the ethical relation with Kate. The accounting statement of Herb has misrepresented Kate in making purchase decision of the Bay View Resort. Therefore, Herb Accounting Ltd shall be liable for making misrepresentation and has undue influence on the decision of Kate by publishing a over stating accounting statement by showing a profit of $1.2 Million. 2.Issue: Whether mortgage contract between the bank and Stella enforceable Whether there is a contract between Stella and Angelo for the supply of Tomatoes Rule: The issue with respect to the give fact can be resolved by the Contract law o Australia. The case can only be solved if we find that essentials of the contract law must be fulfilled. Agreements, which form a contract, must fulfill the 7 important elements of a valid contract. The elements of contract are offer and acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, certainty, capacity, free consent and legality of the objects[6]. The first elements of a contract are offer and acceptance. When a person shows his willingness to engage in doing or stay away from doing any act and ask the other to provide his consent to perform the act, the proposal is made. When the person gives his consent to the proposal or accepts the proposal, it is said that the proposal is accepted. In creating, a contract the first step is that one party shall make an offer to do an act and the other party will give his consent. When the proposal is accepted, it becomes a promise[7]. In Carbill v Carbolic Smoke ball Co, it has been held that the defendant company made the offer to the public at large and by using the product of the defendant company; the plaintiff has accepted the offer. The promise or agreement must be followed by consideration of the Act[8]. The consideration to an agreement may be in monetary value or is of any other kind. For instance[9], A promises to give his car to B and B agrees to that offer, after some days A change his mind to give his car to B. B cannot take action against A, as there was no consideration paid by B. The agreement made between the parties must be certain[10].For instance, A agrees to sell B a cartoon of biscuit, here the nature of the agreement is certain and can be fulfilled. The parties entering into contract shall have the intention to create a legal relationship. In Lim Keng Siong v Yeo Ah Tee, it has been held that the parties to the contract have intended to form a contract and mere absence of an written agreement does not mean that they does not form a legal relationship which cannot be enforceable by law[11]. The persons entering into contract must have the capacity to enter into contract of the Act, i.e., he must have attained the age of majority, must be of sound mind and is not barred by law to enter into contract[12]. Parties to the agreement shall give their consent freely i.e. the consent of the parties are free from coercion, undue influence, fraud and misrepresentation. In the given case, Joash consent to leave the job to work in his family business was free from any undue restriction or conditions[13]. Application: As per the first issue, the mortgage contract between the Bank and Stella cannot be enforced because the consent of Stella in making the mortgage contract is through misrepresentation. As per the contract law, if any of the parties to the contract enters into contract without taking his consent or through misrepresentation then the contract so made is void and cannot be enforced in the eye of law. As we know that as per the definition of Contract, Contract is an agreement enforceable by law[14]. The second issue is that he contract between Stella and Angelo has been formed as we know contract can be written as well as oral. Angelo has made a contract with Stella orally. The contract with Stella fulfills all the essential elements of the contract and is thus there is a contract between Stella and Angelo. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that mortgage between bank and Stella cannot be enforced as it does not fulfills the essential elements of contact and the contract between Stella and Angelo is a contract for the supply of tomatoes as it fulfills all the essentials of a valid contract. Bibliography: Blyth v Birmingham Water Works Co., (1856) LR 11 Exch.781 Bourhill v. Young, 1943 AC 92 Butterfield v Forrester, 1809 11 East 60 Cusimano, G.S. and Roberts, M.L., 2016. Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk.Alabama Tort Law,1. Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932 AC 562 Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us. Goldberg, J.C., Sebok, A.J. and Zipursky, B.C., 2016.Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress. Wolters Kluwer law business. Grant v. Australian Knitting Mils Ltd., 1935 AC 85 Lee, L.L., 2015. FRANCHISING CASES IN MALAYSIA.International Journal of Franchising Law,13(1). Lochgelly Iron Coal Co. v Mc Mulan, 1934 AC 1 McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Nicholas v. Marsland, 1875 LR 10 Ex.255 Srinivasan, V., 2015. Restraint of Trade: Emerging Trends. Stone, R. and Devenney, J., 2014.Text, cases and materials on contract law. Routledge. Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort, Ninth Edition, 1971, p.45. Wong, T.C. and You, O.H., 2014. Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.386. Blyth v Birmingham Water Works Co., (1856) LR 11 Exch.781 Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932 AC 562 Bourhill v. Young, 1943 AC 9 Cusimano, G.S. and Roberts, M.L., 2016. Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk.Alabama Tort Law,1. Butterfield v Forrester, 1809 11 East 6 Goldberg, J.C., Sebok, A.J. and Zipursky, B.C., 2016.Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress. Wolters Kluwer law business. Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us Srinivasan, V., 2015. Restraint of Trade: Emerging Trends. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK) Lochgelly Iron Coal Co. v Mc Mulan, 1934 AC 1 Nicholas v. Marsland, 1875 LR 10 Ex.255 Lee, L.L., 2015. FRANCHISING CASES IN MALAYSIA.International Journal of Franchising Law,13(1). Wong, T.C. and You, O.H., 2014. Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.386

ADNOC Oil and Natural Gas Company Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the ADNOC Oil and Natural Gas Company. Answer: Introductin About the company Operating for the past 45 years, ADNOC also known as Abu Dhabi National Company is one of worlds leading energy producing companies in the world. Founded in 1971, the company is responsible for the generation of maximum percentage of oil and gas in the UAE, the organization has over the years been responsible for the employment and boosting the economic growth of the country. The production capacity that has been stated by the company is 3 million barrels per day. The organization is in control of 95% of the oil reserves that are present in UAE as well as 92% of the gas reserve. ADNOC is also playing a key role in the development of a varied knowledge-based economy, as well as putting Abu Dhabis in the global arena. The company is focused on the three pillars of modern daymanagement of business that is the price, planet and people. Innovation in term of technology to meet the requirements of the dynamics in the oil and gas industry as well as new and better means to improve theintern al management of the organization is the route taken to grow in the business (adnoc.ae 2017). Vision of the company To have a positive impact on the future generations as well as the economy of Abu Dhabi Aims and objectives of the company The company follows the contemporary triple bottom line approach of business model that gives equal priority to the Price, people and the planet. The company realizes the responsibility it has towards the society and environment and acts accordingly. The company is the 12th largest producer of oil in the world. The objectives of the company are: To expand maximize the value of the assets that the company already owns in the oil and natural gas industry To have a positive impact on the economy of Abu Dhabi To maintain a sustainable growth in the industry To be a reliable global energy supplier for the long-term benefit of Abu Dhabi and the customers (thenational.ae, 2017) Management structure The Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council was founded in the year 1988. This body was set up as an authority to guide and set rules regarding the policies that are related to the oil and gas industries in Abu Dhabi. The activities that are undertaken in this industry are all regulated by this council. The board of directors of ADNOC is the part of this council and is responsible to formulate business as well as financial strategies of the company as well as the industry in Abu Dhabi. The council is headed by the president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. This group also consists of several other important personalities, who with their visionary nature and modern perspective of business lead the company towards the objectives. The highermanagement of ADNOC includes a group of prominent personalities who are responsible for operations and the business development of the company. Any decisions or any policies that is formulated on the behalf of the company are made by the people who are in the executive management. This policy has to be back up and supported by the Supreme Petroleum Council (adnoc.ae, 2017). Leader and Manager The definition of a leader can be referred to as an individual who inspires and encourages a committee or council of people so that a common purpose or objective can be achieved in a way that exhibits optimum performance and productivity. The leader of a group is mostly a person who is selected by the group, this person guides and regulates policies and takes decisions on behalf of the council. This person has a certain degree of control over the people so that the members are able to conduct the assigned task in a way that is high quality and highly efficient. The factions of a leader are to inspire, regulate, synthesize and review the objective and direct a route for the subordinates to follow. Integrity and honor are the two values that are mostly related to leadership. The position of a leader commands respect and the attitude of a subordinates are be justifiable and is expected accepts the guidance in a rightful manner (Northouse 2015). ADNOC is guided by the secure and rational support from the far sighted and visionary leadership of H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The position of a manager is offered to a person who is skilled and qualified to be a manger and is an expert in handling situations; he or she has to go through an academic training or in the job training in order to be in the post of a manager of any kind. The factions of a manager can be widely segmented under the following: strategizing, organizing, leading, policy and decision making and monitoring of the daily operations of the business. In a business enterprise there are managers at every level and every dimension in order to channelize the power evenly. For example: in ADOC there is an array of executives who deal with different divisions like: finance, administration, marketing as well as human resource. The appointment and the role of a manager depend upon the scale and nature of business. For example in a large scale organization a manager is appointed at various levels and with various hierarchies in order to administer the operations of various departments of the organiz ation. A manager looks after the balance in between the employees of an organization and the executives interest of the organization (Tourish 2014). Difference between a leader and a manager There are some of the basic differences in a manger and a leader though the essence of the position is similar. A leader is focused on the overall success of an endeavor; where as the focuses of a manager is limited and short term. Managers can be divided in term of the nature of job into project manager and people manager. A leader exhibits optimism in his behavior and encourages, motivates the subordinates to strive towards success, whereas a manager delegates task and directs the subordinates to work accordingly and deliver the assigned work in time. Leaders are responsible in creating changes in the organization so that both the productivity of the subordinates improves as well as it leads to the betterment of the project. A leader is always focus on building, maintaining and encouraging team work rather than just focusing on one person. A manager acts in response to the dynamics that are being implemented by the hierarchy of the company. The responsibility of a manager lies in directing a group of people who are a team towards a delegated task (Hornstein 2015). Roles of manager and leader in different organizational situations A business organization is a dynamic entity that has to grow with the changing factors that impact the business on a daily basis. The management is usually divided in hierarchy as top level management: which includes the personalities who are regarded as the executives of the organization as in ADNOC the CEO, Upstream Directorate, Downstream Directorate, Marketing, Sales Trading Directorate etc, most of the decisions taken by a company is by this group. Middle level management: the managers in the mid level are the ones who are responsible for guiding other managers in departments and on site locations they are responsible for devising operating decisions and then pass them for approval from the top level. Next is the first-line management or supervisory management also known as junior management these people are responsible for implementing the policies and rules of the organization that is formulated by the top two tiers, the managers deal directly with the resources who are resp onsible in the daily operations of the business (Wang et al. 2014). ADNOC is an organization that is at par with changes and the type of leadership that is expected form a manager in the organization is a mixture of both transformational and transactional. Motivation and encouragement along with creative innovations in terms of development is way the organization wants to grow in the future. The company is focused on the betterment of the organization as well as the people who are associated and in order to do the managers adapt to the changes and makes an effort to understand the dynamics of the industry. Hence transformational leadership is appropriate. According to the MARS theory of organizational behavior Motivation rate is dependent of the capability of the resource. The managers and the leaders are expected to understand the rate of motivation that the resource under him or her requires and hence the leader should have a transactional approach as well (Hill et al. 2014). Chaos theory Chaos theory can be defined as a concept of the process that describes development of a company that justifies how and why to expect the unexpected this also gives a scope to accept surprises and changes in the process of operation. There are two main aspects to the concept the butterfly effect and the feedback. The mechanism of this theory is based on by looking for organizational sketch that directs towards a particular type of behavior within the organization. The oil and gas industry works on heavy risk and crisis situations, the industry has been under several negative radar of environmentalists and councils of human rights. Hence the managers have to be ready with contingency plans and policies to deal with any situation that may arise. Accidents are not under the control of anyone but organizations should maintain safety measures and full precautions to avoid accidents (Cassidy 2016). Management by objectives This model explains how an organization can improve its productivity and performance by focusing on the objectives that are set by the company. The MBO theory states that, the leaders and the managers who are associated with an organization should come up with common goals and objectives for example: the objectives of ADNOC are aforementioned. According to this theory, the employees play a key role in the growth and development of the organization and they should be responsible enough to set their own target and with the help of the managers achieve them. Some of the functions of this theory are: enhancement in the employee motivation process, build commitment towards an organization; it also assures a improved communication in between the employees and the managers to attain the objectives. As ADNOC is one of the leading companies in the oil and natural gas industry that has goodwill of delivering the needful in the right time, the company is set to achieve all the objectives the strategies that are implemented in attaining the objective are. According to the CEO of ADNOC, Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber the company aims to achieve the objectives by concentrating the resources on four specific criterions: improving the performance and productivity o the company, maximizing the profitability of the organization, maximizing the efficiency and investing time and resource on the people who are directly or indirectly related to the organization (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Conclusion The leadership of H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi, and H.H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, has always been valued by the ADNOC as the steady uphold and constant support. The farsighted visionary leadership of the CEO has lead the company in building its reputation and coming up with new and innovative ways of management. The company in order to maintain the sustainability and ethical standpoint can implement more employee friendly policies so that the commitment towards the company is grown reducing the employee turnover. In order to deliver the commitment the organization should employee more skill improvement workshops for the employees. Safety and risk management is another area that has a lot of scope and improvement, the industry deals in hazardous items hence efforts should be directed towards innovations in technology that ensures minimum depletion of environmental resources as well as safety for the people who are working on site. References: adnoc.ae. 2017About us. [online] Available at: https://www.adnoc.ae/en/about-us/who-we-are [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. thenational.ae. 2017.Adnoc to build new refinery and cracker. [online] Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/business/energy/adnoc-to-build-new-refinery-and-cracker-1.629911 [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Tourish, D., 2014. Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), pp.79-98. Wang, D., Waldman, D.A. and Zhang, Z., 2014. A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness.